This article examines the significance of the Great Patriotic War as a pivotal event in world history, with particular emphasis on the heroism of the Soviet people and its impact on Russia’s cultural identity. The key findings presented include newly discovered archival facts and details concerning the participation of the Timiryazevites in the Moscow people’s militia. The study underscores the importance of perpetuating this historical memory for future generations. The profound impact of the 1940s on collective consciousness ensures that the memory of the heroism displayed during that era endures in the hearts of current generations. This research focuses on the involvement of professors, teachers, postgraduates, students, and staff of the Timiryazev Academy in the formation of the Moscow people’s militia during the Great Patriotic War. It highlights how this academic and labor community, characterized by its strong sense of social responsibility, responded to the call to defend the Motherland. The article recounts the valorous actions of the Timiryazevites in various battles, emphasizing the collective efforts and unity that not only aided in the defense of the Motherland but also sustained a fighting spirit during those challenging times. This study contributes to the understanding of the Academy’s history, demonstrating how educational institutions can effectively respond to contemporary challenges by cultivating patriotism and solidarity among their members. Furthermore, it revisits questions about the significance of past sacrifices and opens new avenues for future research, enhancing our understanding of the interplay between historical memory and civic identity. The findings will help deepen the appreciation for the role of public institutions in historical crises and strengthen the connection between the past and the present, particularly in light of the 80th anniversary of Victory. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to the lasting commemoration of the heroes who fought for the freedom of our Motherland.

The article presents the results of long-term monitoring (2018–2023) of Dianthus awaricus Khar. at the Tsudakhar experimental base of the Mountain Botanical Garden, Dagestan Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences. The study aimed to characterize the development and assess the state of this endemic species in mountainous Dagestan. The D. awaricus ontogenetic spectrum includes latent (seeds), pregenerative (seedlings, juvenile, immature, virginal) and generative (young, middle-aged, old) stages. Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences among D. awaricus samples in plant height and number of lateral vegetative shoots from May to August of the first growing season (2019). In the third year (2021), young generative individuals from the Tsudakhar sample exhibited the highest growth rates and maximum quantitative traits. The vegetation period extended from early March to late December. The flowering phase lasted over 80 days, with Agvali genotypes blooming three weeks later than Gunib and Tsudakhar. Fruiting covered three decades of August and September, as well as one decade of October 2021; the Tsudakhar and Gunib samples fruited synchronously from August 5–17, 2021 to September 10–28, 2021. These comprehensive studies of D. awaricus confirm the species’ potential for introduction and use in ornamental gardening, including the creation of sequential flowering displays in diverse soil and climatic zones of Dagestan.

Laser irradiation represents a promising approach for pre-sowing seed treatment in agricultural plants. This energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technology can enhance germination rates, reduce seed contamination, and improve plant vigor. This article presents the results of a germination experiment on barley seeds irradiated with lasers at wavelengths of 637 nm (red spectrum) and 360 nm (ultraviolet), using exposure durations of 10, 20, and 30 seconds at a beam power density of 6 J/cm². Maximum total pigment concentrations in barley seedlings were observed following UV irradiation for 30 seconds and red light irradiation for 20 seconds. UV irradiation for 10 seconds and red light irradiation for 20 seconds showed a positive effect on the plant height of barley plants. Pre-sowing UV laser treatment of barley seeds resulted in increased plant mass by the 40th day. Plants grown from seeds irradiated with UV for 10 seconds exhibited significantly higher mass values in both the aerial part (26.8% increase compared to the control) and the root system (42.4% increase compared to the control). A statistically significant increase in nitrogen content was found in grains obtained from plants whose seeds were exposed to UV irradiation for 10 seconds, and in those exposed to red laser irradiation for 20 and 30 seconds. A statistically significant increase in phosphorus content was found in grains obtained from plants whose seeds were irradiated with a red laser for 20 seconds.

This article examines the biometric features related to the productivity of hazelnut seedlings in the Southern Urals. In amateur growing regions, hazelnut productivity varies from 0.5 kg/bush to 3.5 kg/bush, occasionally reaching 5.3 kg/bush or less. While hazel is an introduced crop on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains and is successfully cultivated in household gardens, reliable data on its productivity under these specific conditions are lacking. This study aims to assess the productivity of a representative group of plants grown from seed. Under the conditions of Chelyabinsk, Russia, yield data from 2023–24 were obtained for 17-year-old plants, ranging from 9 g/plant to 4334 g/plant. Due to varying growing conditions resulting from their planting on a collection site near other fruit plants, productivity was assessed in relation to the biometric parameters of the crown. Assessing productivity per unit volume of the crown proved to be less variable and exhibited a reliable linear and curvilinear relationship with yield; therefore, it can be considered the most suitable method for assessing plant productivity. Furthermore, the productivity assessment indicator based on the sum of the stem’s crosssectional areas also showed a reliable linear and curvilinear relationship with yield. Finally, the forms Sev 1, Sev 2, Sev 7, and Urozhaynaya were identified as highly productive, suggesting their potential for selection as varieties and use in future hazelnut breeding programs in the Southern Urals.

The study aimed to conduct a complex assessment of winter barley base lines to select promising parental lines for inclusion in a hybridization program. This article presents data from field and laboratory trials conducted between 2022 and 2024, identifying the most promising winter barley varieties and lines from the collection at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. In autumn, 119 collection samples were sown at optimal agronomic times using a Wintersteiger Plotseed seeder to select the most promising (valuable) genotypes for use in breeding programs. Field trials and observations were conducted according to the Methodology of the State Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops (2019). The analysis of the studied varieties and breeding lines was performed using an improved methodology for complex assessment of winter barley breeding, developed at the ARC “Donskoy”, based on 14 key characteristics (identifiers). Structuring the data array using a complex scoring index for each sample, following a proposed algorithm to identify typical zones based on yield potential during analysis of the integrated frequency function of a variety or line, resulted in the establishment of four zones: 23 most promising samples (19.33% of the total), 31 promising samples (26.05% of the total), 42 less promising samples (35.29% of the total), and 23 unpromising samples (19.33% of the total). The most promising group included samples such as Paradiz, Banio, Cotanici, and Fakir, which exhibited high scores for a complex of key economically valuable traits and properties. These most promising samples will be included in the hybridization program in 2025 to develop new winter barley varieties with improved economically valuable traits and properties.

Coelogyne mooreana Sander ex Rolfe, a valuable, rare, and endemic orchid species of the Vietnamese flora, is characterized by high ornamental qualities. This orchid is highly ornamental and often referred to as the “queen” of the genus Coelogyne due to its large, white, fragrant flowers adorned with black spots and a central yellow stripe. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a protocol for clonal micropropagation by modifying the nutrient medium with organic additives and plant growth regulators. Immature seeds collected from unopened fruits six months after artificial pollination were used as starting material. This work involved several stages: asymbiotic seed germination, protocorm development, seedling formation, and rooting. The highest seed germination rate (93%) was achieved on Gamborg (B5) nutrient medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 6-BAP. Maximum adventitious shoot formation was observed on Murashige and Skoog (½ MS) nutrient medium with organic additives but without plant growth regulators (5.64 and 4.56 shoots, respectively). Favorable results for protocorm development and seedling formation were obtained on ½ MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 6-BAP and coconut water (100 mL/L). At the rooting stage, the most effective medium was ½ MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA and 100 mL/L coconut water, which promoted the development of a strong root system, with a rooting percentage of 96.7%, 5.05 ± 0.36 roots per explant, a root length of 2.43 ± 0.05 cm, and a plant length of 5.95 ± 0.24 cm. Seedlings planted in a 1:1:1 ratio of bark, perlite, and peat exhibited high viability when adapted to ex vitro conditions. For the first time, a complete protocol for clonal micropropagation of C. mooreana encompassing all stages was developed. These results provide recommendations for the conservation and mass propagation of this rare and valuable orchid species.

This study investigated the effects of cryoprotectants with various compositions on the lowtemperature stress resistance of spring rape (Oredezh 6 variety) in a model experiment. The cryoprotectants used were preparations containing a complex of chemical substances, including polysaccharides, amino acids, glycol, and chelated microelements. The experimental design included the following treatments: 1) control (water), no freezing; 2) control (water), freezing; 3) cryoprotector LP 8; and 4) cryoprotector LP 10. Twenty-four hours prior to freezing, spring rape plants in the 2–3 leaf phase were treated with cryoprotectors. Plants were frozen twice in laboratory freezers at –10°C for 16-hour periods, with an 8-hour interval between freezing cycles. Plant weight was measured, leaf area was determined using the Saporeo program, sugar content was assessed via refractometry, electrolyte leakage was measured using a conductometer, and chloroplast activity was assessed using a portable N-tester. Following the freezing treatments, the effects of cryoprotectors were evaluated. Results showed that plants treated with cryoprotectors LP 8 and LP 10 exhibited increased resistance to low-temperature stress. This was evidenced by average increases of 26.8% in plant weight, 19.1% in leaf area, a two-fold increase in sugar content, a 6.7% increase in membrane stability index, and an 18% increase in photosynthetic activity compared to the freezing control (water). These findings suggest avenues for further research in this area.

This study analyzes key fertility indicators, specifically the service and interbody periods, which are limiting factors in reproduction rate. This study is relevant because it quantifies hidden offspring losses due to cow mortality, allowing for a more accurate assessment of potential offspring production within the herd. The research aims to determine the impact of age variability on fertility and to quantify hidden offspring losses associated with younger cows in a high-producing dairy herd. The study’s novelty lies in its analysis of the relationship between service period length, cow age, and milk yield, which are key indicators of reproductive performance. The study employs zootechnical, statistical, and comparative analysis methods. The introduction of red-white Holstein bulls to improve the productive and technological traits of the red steppe breed negatively impacted the reproductive performance of the breeding stock. Analysis of age variability in key breeding selection criteria revealed that the longest service and interbody periods occurred during the first two lactations. While these indicators slightly decrease with age, they stabilize at 115–120 days, preventing annual offspring production. Furthermore, cows with more than three calves constitute only 18–20% of the herd. The correlation between milk yield and service period is positive, decreasing with age from 0.29 to 0.09. A considerable proportion of cows (35.8%) and heifers (24.7%) require 3–4 inseminations for successful fertilization. Future research should consider the proportion of abortions and stillbirths, the offspring sex ratio, and their impact on milk yield and service period. Furthermore, investigating the proportion of culls within the first two lactations when using red-white Holstein bulls, considering paternal lineage, would help determine the overall suitability of their use.

Intensive technologies contribute to increased productivity in aquatic animal farming, but they also create a number of problems associated with increased stress on the fish body. This is due to the stress caused by specific aspects of the intensive approach. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a widespread species that is well-suited for commercial cultivation due to its high growth rate, high market value, and significant resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. While some studies have examined the effects of ammonium accumulation and heat stress on Nile tilapia productivity, the long-term impacts of these stressors on the immune system, particularly on the body of Nile tilapia, remain poorly understood. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) was used to simulate the effects of ammonium nitrogen on fish. The research was conducted on the experimental base of the small innovative enterprise OOO Eco-Tropic. The study revealed that ammonium nitrogen exposure leads to changes in liver function, affecting fish resistance indicators. In particular, typical hemorrhages were noted, which were morphologically combined with vascular congestion, degenerative changes in hepatocytes, necrotic degeneration and telangiectasia of the epithelium. In order to determine the degree of tissue damage, it is necessary to use additional quantitative methods in the future, such as biochemical analyses. Ammonium nitrogen intoxication resulted in a greater than four-fold increase in blood bilirubin levels. The revealed transformations can significantly impair liver function, thereby reducing the efficiency of commercial cultivation.

Meat is the most important food product for humans. In 2024, worldwide meat production exceeded 350 million tons, with Russia accounting for over 16 million tons. Meat consumption in Russia averages 83 kg per person annually, exceeding the recommended intake by 10 kg. However, meat products typically have a limited shelf life, even when refrigerated. Refrigeration alone does not prevent microbial growth, as many spoilage microorganisms can proliferate at low temperatures (0 to 4°C). Maintaining the quality and safety of chilled meat throughout the supply chain, from production to consumption, is therefore critical. Barrier technologies, such as vacuum packaging and modified atmosphere packaging, can enhance safety standards and significantly extend the shelf life of chilled meat, while also influencing consumer perception. Our study of different packaging types and their impact on the organoleptic properties of meat showed that “ Vacuum packaged pork tenderloin” and “Modified atmosphere packaged pork tenderloin” received the highest sensory scores on both the 1st and 15th days of storage. Physicochemical analyses revealed that the moisture content of “Vacuum packaged pork tenderloin” on the 15th day was 2.43% and 1.21% higher than in “Vacuum packaged bone-in steak” and “Vacuum packaged pork neck,” respectively. The fat and protein content of all meat samples remained within normal ranges, with no significant differences observed between vacuum and modified atmosphere packaging at the end of the shelf life. Histological examination of meat samples showed that “Modified atmosphere packaged pork neck” retained clearly defined muscle fibers with characteristic striations on the 15th day, indicating no signs of spoilage. Microbiological analyses showed that QMAFAnM levels in all chilled pork samples remained below 2.7 × 10² CFU/g on the 10th day. By the 15th day, total microbial counts in “Vacuum packaged pork neck” were 4.3 × 10³ CFU/g and 8.3 × 10³ CFU/g in “Modified atmosphere packaged pork neck”.

In the current landscape of evolving globalization, the food market is undeniably developing in response to shifting consumer needs regarding finished product selection. Consumers, influenced by various factors, are transforming the key criteria they use to choose products, which, in turn, impacts supply dynamics. Currently, the market for mutton and its processed products is undergoing development. This situation necessitates that market participants conduct detailed analyses of the primary criteria influencing consumer product choice and seek innovative solutions to enhance producer competitiveness. The aim of this study is to evaluate the significant criteria driving consumer choices for mutton and its processed products, considering the evolving influence of product quality. To achieve this aim, the following objectives were identified: to assess key trends in the development of the mutton market in the Russian Federation; to determine the main factors influencing consumer choice of mutton, taking into account the transformation of consumer preferences and the perceived value of the product; to evaluate the main criteria for developing a marketing relationship model with consumers in the context of mutton and its processed product purchase decisions. The study revealed that Russian mutton production is in the process of developing industrialization and vertical integration, which is expected to increase domestic production of this meat. The assessment of consumer preferences was conducted using a survey method in several Russian cities. This research enabled the evaluation of the significance of factors such as quality, which translates into various choice criteria assessed at each purchase, and “trust” factors, determined by consumers based on their experience and information from external sources. The study demonstrated the importance of developing a model of marketing relations with consumers that focuses on shaping perceived product value based on key production characteristics. The practical significance of this study lies in the potential application of the findings to form the development of marketing strategies for businesses operating in this market in order to enhance their competitiveness.

The current realities of the agricultural sector, caused by climate change, increasing demand for high-quality products and increased competition, highlight the importance of digital technologies in the hop industry. This article examines the impact of digitalization on improving the efficiency of hop production, processing, and sales. It considers key areas of digital tool application, including precision farming systems, simulation modeling, supply chain management platforms, and big data analytics. The article pays particular attention to the economic and social consequences of implementing digital solutions, such as increased labor productivity, reduced costs, and improved rural living conditions. Based on an analysis of practical experiences in Russian regions, the study identifies both promising opportunities and obstacles to implementing these innovations. The article emphasizes that successful digitalization requires a systematic approach encompassing infrastructure modernization, specialist training, and government support. The study’s findings suggest that digital technologies are critical for modernizing the hop production industry, facilitating its integration into international markets and promoting sustainable rural development.

The article aims to examine the current state and future prospects of specialized agricultural marketplaces in Russia. An analysis of existing agricultural marketplaces in Russia reveals the presence of systemically important, federally-scaled electronic trading platforms, such as those managed by AO Rosselkhozbank within its “ Svoe” ecosystem. These platforms are developed with state regulation and support. Agricultural goods are also traded on general-purpose and small specialized marketplaces. Further analysis of the dynamics of agricultural value-added and its share of total gross value-added indicates a decline in the relative importance of agriculture in the Russian economy. Concurrently, there has been a significant decrease in the number of participants in agricultural activities, coupled with increasing profits and profitability for those remaining. This trend suggests a decrease in the overall productivity of agricultural enterprises and an increase in the cost of their goods. To mitigate the adverse effects on agricultural producers, the implementation of effective distribution channels, including modern marketplaces, is crucial. An examination of international experiences reveals the presence of approximately 2–3 specialized nationallevel marketplaces in agriculturally focused countries. Considering the current state of agriculture in Russia, the author concludes that the existing number of federally scaled marketplaces is adequate. However, the utilization rate of these marketplaces by both sellers and buyers of agricultural goods is low, with only approximately 8% of agricultural sellers using these platforms. Further development of a broader and more relevant range of marketplace services for agricultural entrepreneurs is necessary. This requires both synthesizing and implementing successful international practices within the Russian marketplace service sector. The study also concludes that developing marketplaces for international trade in agricultural goods, leveraging the existing electronic resources of Russian commodity exchanges, is feasible and holds significant untapped potential.

The article examines the mechanisms by which agribusinesses can achieve competitive advantages through innovation and investment. It analyzes the impact of modern technologies, capital investments, and government support on strengthening the position of agricultural enterprises. Particular attention is paid to factors driving productivity growth and export potential, as well as challenges related to inadequate infrastructure and limited access to financing. Employing comparative analysis and expert assessments, the study identifies key areas for optimizing innovation and investment strategies. Results indicate that targeted capital investments, combined with the implementation of digital solutions, can significantly enhance the competitiveness of the agricultural sector. Based on these findings, the article proposes recommendations for businesses and government authorities, including the development of educational programs, improvements to preferential lending systems, and the creation of innovation clusters. The study underscores the importance of an integrated approach to modernizing the agricultural sector, considering both the economic and social dimensions of sustainable development. Ultimately, it concludes that sustainable competitive advantages for agribusinesses arise from innovation, investment, and government support, necessitating close collaboration among enterprises, the scientific community, and government authorities. This comprehensive approach, considering both economic and social aspects, is essential for ensuring the long-term sustainability and global leadership of the industry.

The grain industry underpins the development of the national agro-food market, influencing a wide range of social, economic, and environmental factors that determine the sustainable development of the agro-industrial sector. This research aims to develop a conceptual framework for the grain industry development in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation, considering global agro-food market trends such as climate change, risk management, production greening, digitalization, globalization, state support, and evolving consumer values. Using data from the Southern Federal District, the study highlights the characteristics of grain farming in a market economy undergoing digital transformation and defines the goals and objectives for the industry development. It also examines global trends impacting the Russian grain industry. The research identifies key conditions for the efficient functioning of the grain industry and proposes a system of principles to underpin the concept of its development in the Southern Federal District. The role of digital technologies in transitioning to an adaptive-intensive grain production system is explored, and the largest grain exporters within the Southern Federal District are identified, along with their export volumes and destinations. Furthermore, the study addresses technical, technological, macroeconomic, and social risks that are expected to impact the district’s grain industry in the short and medium term. Finally, a forecast for the development of the grain industry in the Southern Federal District until 2030 is presented, based on key indicators that ensure an effective system for grain production, processing, and sales, and enhance export potential.