This article is dedicated to celebrating the 80th anniversary of the Soviet Union’s Great Victory over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War. The aim of this study is to determine the contribution of the main structural units of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy to the victory over Nazism comprehensively by identifying its main areas. By analyzing the achievements of modern historiography and introducing previously unknown materials from Russian archives (Archival Funds of the Museum of History of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, State Archive of the Russian Federation, Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense, Central Archive of the Navy, and Central City Archive of Moscow) into scientific circulation, the following main areas of Timiryazev Academy’s contributionы to the victory over Nazism were identified: direct participation of teachers, students, and staff in military actions; participation in defensive works in the Moscow suburbs and other regions; provision of university territories for military purposes; war-time scientific research with practical significance aimed at approaching victory at the front and ensuring uninterrupted work of the rear; participation in the revival of agriculture in the national republics of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. Research tasks were completed that produced a scientific result showing the combat and labor feats of students and staff members of Timiryazev Academy highly noted by the state. Information about the main military units in which they fought is presented. Data on the number of those killed or reported missing in action is also provided. Special attention is paid to those who were nominated for the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The scientific work of Timiryazev Academy scientists is analyzed. The main results of their activities during the evacuation are presented. It is proven that the academic community worthily coped with wartime challenges.

The state program for the effective involvement of agricultural lands in the turnover and development of the reclamation complex of the Russian Federation has contributed to the active return of fallow lands to arable land, which in turn opens up new opportunities for studying changes in soil properties in such conditions. The article examines the issue of changes in the content of humus and labile organic matter of leached chernozem (Luvic Chernic Phaeozems) of the forest-steppe zone in the conditions of the Tula Region upon return to arable land from the fallow state. Four plots with different land use patterns were selected – arable land with spring crops, arable land with perennial grasses, fallow land put into turnover and virgin land for comparison. The studies were conducted in the period from 2022 to 2024. On the plot with permanent arable land use the average humus content in the arable layer was the lowest and most stable for three years – 6.06%. The average humus content in the soil of the virgin land and the land after plowing of perennial grasses was approximately the same and exceeded the humus content in the permanent arable land by 0.6%, the highest humus content (7.17%) was found in the soil of the plowed fallow land. The content of labile organic matter (LOM) in the arable soil layer under permanent arable land stabilized at the lowest level of 0.38% for the studied plots. The highest significant LOM content (p = 0.05) was observed in the soil horizon after plowing perennial grasses, less pronounced but also reliable increase of LOM content was observed in the soil horizon of the plowed fallow land. In these variants, in the third year after plowing, there was a noticeable decrease in the LOM content, apparently due to mineralization.

The article presents the results of the study on testing the effects of humic fertilizers on the growth and development of the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Moskovskaya 39 in the Kostroma Region, Russia. Enriched humic fertilizers in the form of complexes had a positive effect on the morphophysiological processes, grain yield and quality indicators of winter wheat plants. In the earing phase, the weight of the plants differed significantly from the control in the variants with seed and sowing treatment with Humicomplex by 2.37 and 2.44 g, respectively, and with humate “Ecobiosphere” by 3.32 and 0.82 g. Carbon accumulation in the plants in the earing phase was 0.010–0.013 mgC/dm² higher by in the variants with seed treatment with humic fertilizers relative to the control. The most favorable water conditions in wheat plant tissues were created in variants with the application of humic fertilizers, where the potential osmotic pressure was 863.7–1027 kPa. A significantly higher grain yield of winter wheat was obtained in variants with the application of humic fertilizers (3.61–4.96 t/ha) than in the control (2.63–2.39 t/ha). The most effective methods were treating seeds with Humicomplex, which increased the grain yield by 2.13 t/ha compared to the control, and treating crops in the tillering phase, which increased the grain yield by 2.57 t/ha compared to the control. Applying the humic fertilizer “Ecobiosphere” on a mineral background increased the winter wheat yield by 1.61–1.22 t/ha. The highest gluten content was obtained in variants where crops were sprayed with Humicomplex (28.92%) and the humic fertilizer “Ecobiosphere” (29.84%), which was 2.04–2.96% higher than control values.

The article presents the results of studying the effect of ammophoska encapsulated with monocalcium phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2) of different thickness on the yield and quality of soft spring wheat of the Lubava variety in the conditions of the Non-chernozem zone of Russia. The fertilizers developed by the National Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences named after Yu.V. Samoilov help to reduce nitrogen losses of fertilizers due to delayed release of the active substance, thus improving the nitrogen nutrition of cultivated plants. The microfield experiments were conducted in 2022 and 2023 at the Experimental Station of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil. The main qualitative assessment indicators were grain yield, weight of 1000 grains, the content of crude protein in the grain and the main nutrients in the plant, as well as their yield removal with by-products and main products. The data obtained confirm that the use of fertilizers with controlled nitrogen release coated with monocalcium phosphate with a thickness of 50 and 100 microns, increased the yield of the experimental crop by 8–18% the crude protein yield by 8–16%, and the nitrogen utilization coefficient in fertilizers by 5–17%. The greatest positive effect was achieved when ammophoska was applied with a capsule thickness of 100 microns. In addition, the improvement of plant nitrogen nutrition by the use of encapsulated fertilizers was compared with the effect of the nitrification inhibitor DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate).

Great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis L.) is a valuable medicinal, melliferous and ornamental plant. Natural populations of this species are quite rare in some regions of Russia. The article presents an assessment of the current state of S. officinalis coenopopulations in the KhantyMansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, Russia. The age structure of S. officinalis coenopopulations was studied, and the biological and exploitable reserves of S. officinalis plant material in various plant communities of the Surgut District of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra were determined. S. officinalis coenopopulations mainly consist of young (39.8–95.8% of pregenerative) individuals, which can be explained by the confinement of this species to floodplains with their characteristic systematic flooding. The cereal-burnet willow floodplain and the willow-forb swampy floodplain are promising locations for collecting raw materials, as S. officinalis occupies a significant part of the herbaceous layer in these areas (with total projective cover of about 30% and 20%, respectively). The density of moderately and weakly self-sustaining plant populations is 6.5 and 10.4 pcs/m2 , respectively. On average, the biological raw material reserve is 41.12 kg and 73.66 kg; the operational reserve is 32.8 and 62.62 kg; the possible volume of raw material procurement is 2.98 and 5.69 kg. The specific raw material phytomass of the underground part of plants is 205.6 and 368.3 g/m2 . The predominance of young unstable populations of S. officinalis is observed, which limits the possibility of harvesting medicinal raw materials in the Surgut District.

Crimea is one of the few regions of our country, which has a mild subtropical climate and historical traditions, and the most favorable conditions for cultivation of olive (Olea europaea L.) To develop this crop, planting material must be produced from the most adapted varieties. Rooting cuttings during the vegetative propagation of olives is a slow process because olives are hard-to-root crops. The aim of the study was to develop methods to increase the rootability of European olive cuttings. Various humidity and temperature regimes, the use of indolyl butyric acid (IBA), and different substrate compositions were studied in the conditions of the vegetation module. Three temperature regimes were tested: +15°C, +20°C, and +25°C. Within each temperature regime, three humidity levels were tested: 80%, 85% and 90%. Each temperature and humidity level included options with and without IBA treatment. The repetition is fivefold, with 20 cuttings per repetition. The effect of various substrate compositions on the rootability of olive cuttings in the vegetation module was also studied. All the factors studied–temperature regime, humidity level, substrate composition and treatment with BMI solutions–had a significant effect on cutting safety, budding, and rooting. The effect of the temperature regime on the rootability of cuttings depended on the air humidity. At a relatively low temperature of +15°C, the rootability decreased slightly with increasing air humidity. At +20°C, the optimal humidity level was 85%. At +25°C, a higher rooting rate was observed at higher air humidity levels. The highest rooting percentage was found in the variant using BMI at a temperature of +25°C with 85% humidity. Cuttings that were rooted in a vegetation module with an optimal substrate composition (peat and coconut substrate at a ratio of 1:1) exhibited accelerated growth when grown in protected soil conditions. This made it possible to rapidly obtain seedlings that met the standard.

The morphobiological and phenological features of ten cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus L. were investigated. These cultivars were introduced from Simferopol Botanical Garden and are growing in the collection of Donetsk Botanical Garden. The plants grow in the open ground and are protected from the cold. The cultivar Carneus Plenus exhibited the highest degree of shoot freezing, up to 50% of the length. Vegetation starts almost simultaneously in all cultivars – from the second decade of April. Blue Bird, Coeruleus Plenus, Pink Giant, and Roseus Plenus bloom earlier than other cultivars, from late June to early July. Blue Bird, Coeruleus Plenus, Pink Giant, and Hamabo have abundant and prolonged flowering, lasting up to two months or more. The high rooting percentage of lignified cuttings prepared in an early spring greenhouse with a fog cannon before the bud swelling phase demonstrated the effectiveness of this propagation method for H. syriacus. Plants obtained from rooted cuttings should be planted in their permanent growing location at the beginning of the next growing season. During the first two years after planting the rooted cuttings in the introduction nursery, freezing of the shoots at the level of the root collar was observed. However, with the onset of vegetation, the plants experience massive shoot regrowth and restoration of the crown shape inherent to the cultivar, as well as flowering. The following cultivars were selected for their abundant and prolonged flowering: Blue Bird, Coeruleus Plenus, Hamabo, Monstrosus, Pink Giant, Rubis, and Woodbridge. They are of interest for landscape design.

This article presents the results of the three-year data analysis of DUS testing of the spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) collection by morphological varietal characteristics. The following cultivars were identified as candidates for example varieties: Ivolga, Iren’, Lisa, Talba, Chelyaba rannaya, Bazhenka, Grechanka, Dal’gau 3, KWS Shirokko, Silantiy, Start 1, KWS Torridon. These varieties reflect all the gradations of found characteristics. Among them, varieties with unique states of expression of characteristics were identified: Iren’ (strong anthocyanin coloration of the flag leaf auricles), Talba (very strong anthocyanin coloration of the flag leaf auricles), KWS Shirokko (weak glaucosity on the flag leaf sheath, very weak glaucosity on the flag leaf back), Dal’gau 3 (very weak glaucosity on the ear). No varieties were found with the following states of expression of characteristics: bush type – semi prostrate (7), prostrate (9); anthocyanin coloration of the flag leaf auricles is medium (5); glaucosity on the flag leaf sheath is absent or very weak (1); glaucosity of the neck is absent or very weak (1), weak (3).

The article presents the results of the study of winter wheat varieties in terms of grain quality. The study was conducted in 2022–2023 at the Field Experimental Station of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The common methods of laboratory research of physical, biochemical and baking qualities of grain were used. The meteorological conditions of the study years varied influencing the grain quality of winter wheat. In 2022, precipitation was relatively evenly distributed against the background of elevated air temperature. In 2023, dry periods were interspersed with excessively humid ones at moderate temperatures. In both years, precipitation during the ripening phase, contributed to the enzymatic depletion of grain, decreased its weight and vitreousness. As a result of the research, it was shown that all the studied winter wheat varieties are coarse-grained with thousand-kernel weight over 40 g. The maximum weight values were found in varieties Nemchinovskaya 85, Augusta, Timiryazevka 150, Kavalerka, Stan, Esaul, Biryuza, Korona, Aglika, Bolyarka, Goriza, Todora, Karat, Leonida, Doneko. All the varieties of the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka”, almost all of the selection of the National Center of Grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko, as well as Goriza, Todora, Karat, Leonida, and Dominanta are capable of forming grain with a grain weight above 740 g/l in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-chernozem zone. Zhiva, Step’, Stan and Karat are characterized by stability over the years. The varieties with high vitreous potential (above 60%) have been identified: Moskovskaya 39, Moskovskaya 40, Nemchinovskaya 85, Vanya, Kavalerka, Stan, Esaul, Bolyarka, Dominanta. Varieties Moskovskaya 40, Vanya, Esaul, Aglika are characterized by a stable accumulation of protein and gluten in the grain, regardless of the year. All the varieties of winter wheat are classified into the groups of valuable and highquality wheat. All of them are suitable for use in breeding for high baking qualities in the Central region of Non-chernozem zone of Russia. The index assessment of varieties on the complex of grain quality characteristics highlighted varieties Moskovskaya 40, Nemchinovskaya 85, Vanya, Stan, Esaul, Goriza. These varieties are recommended for breeding winter wheat for quality in the Central region of the Non-chernozem zone of Russia.

A major problem in veterinary medicine is the lack of timely and quantitative diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in highly productive cows. Currently, the main indicator for diagnosis of udder pathology is milk analysis for leukocytes (i.e., neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes) and epithelial cells. Inflammation in the mammary gland is directly related to nitric oxide synthesis and the paramagnetic NO complex with hemoglobin has characteristic spectroscopic parameters of hyperfine cleavage. The level of (NO)x in the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis differed significantly from that of healthy cows. The electron paramagnetic resonance method was used to study the level of nitric oxide NO by the stable oxidation product nitrite and transferrin in the blood of cows with subclinical mastitis. From the EPR signal of transferrin with g = 4.3, it was found that the blood of the control group contains more transferrin, and consequently iron, and the blood of the control group contains significantly less. Therefore, changes in nitrite and transferrin concentrations, along with blood Fe and ferritin, may serve as biomarkers of inflammatory diseases, including in cows with subclinical mastitis.

Calculating selection and genetic parameters is an important step in improving economically significant genetic traits, particularly in pig breeding. These calculations determine the breeding strategies for assessing the breeding value of animals. This article presents the results of developing linear mixed models to assess variance components and predict breeding values in Yorkshire and Landrace pigs for the following traits: the number of piglets born alive (NBA), the average birth weight (ABW) per, and the average daily weight gain (ADWG) until reaching 100 kg. The effect of fixed factors on the variability of pig productivity traits was analyzed. A nonlinear relationship was revealed between NBA and ABW and the factor “parity number”. Phenotypic and genetic correlations and heritability estimates of the analyzed pig populations’ breeding traits were calculated. The heritability estimates were 0.14, 0.20, and 0.40 for NBA, ABW, and ADWG, respectively, in Yorkshire pigs and 0.13, 0.18, and 0.43, respectively, in Landrace pigs. Negative genetic correlations were found between NBA and ABW (–0.24 and –0.33 for Yorkshire and Landrace pigs, respectively), as well as positive correlations between ABW and ADWG (+0.23 and +0.28 for Yorkshire and Landrace pigs, respectively). These selection and genetic parameters will be used to predict the breeding value of pigs and assess selection indexes in the two breeds.

The article presents the research of organizational and economic directions of a modern Russian agrarian higher educational institution, which sets ambitious goals to implement changes in its management system to ensure the compliance with the rapidly changing conditions of the external environment. Thus, the aim of the research is to determine the position of the agrarian higher educational institution in the international partnership from the point of view of both its active participation in the educational process and the parameters of international cooperation. The article shows the results of the critical analysis of the state and prospects of development of the multilingual policy of the agrarian university. It is substantiated that the university should be reoriented to the maximum involvement of foreign students in the scientific, educational and innovative activities of the agrarian university. The authors emphasize the role of the development and implementation of multilingual educational programs, which will have a significant effect on the university management system. The research uses SWOT analysis, a method of strategic planning of the multilingual policy of the agrarian university, to assess internal and external factors influencing the development of the educational process in the agrarian university. Some strategies to improve the multilingual policy of the agrarian university are proposed and justified: it is suggested to increase the number of multilingual international educational programs in order to intensify the inflow of foreign students to the agrarian university, to organize cultural events and student exchanges with foreign universities, as well as to support language programs and international scientific and educational projects.

The relevance of the issue of how subsidy recipients use state support for the agro-industrial sector stemsfrom Russian budget legislation’s requirements for strategic planning. The aim is to justify the improvement of the methods and application of the results of analyzing the effectiveness of subsidies used by agricultural enterprises. It is shown that the simulation capabilities of modern analysis methods make it possible to assess the effect of subsidies on the performance, identify the extent to which financial goals are achieved through budgetary resources, and determine the effectiveness of subsidies in the production and sales. It is proposed to supplement the functionality of the analysis methods with indicators that help to assess the effect and effectiveness of state support separately from other invested resources. The analysis results show that the effect of state support on the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises extends beyond additional financing, creating fundamentally different conditions for ensuring expanded reproduction. Improved methods for analyzing the effectiveness of subsidies will strengthen the algorithmic basis of the digital agricultural services used by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation to plan the budget and allocate support funds.

The steady increase in state support for agriculture in Russia requires maximum efficiency in its use. In 2024, the volume doubled compared to 2018, reaching 558 billion rubles. The analysis indicator system outlined in the article reveals the effect of the state support amounts allocated to the agroindustrial sector during the monitoring process. The optimal subsidy amounts for achieving maximum efficiency by agricultural producers are determined based on factual material. The analysis revealed the multidirectional influence of the amount of state aid on the economic activity of enterprises, a factor that must be considered when providing subsidies. To form a rational system of accounting and analytical support for the efficient use of state support funds, it is necessary to transition to the concept of capitalization in reporting and accounting for state aid using the developed multilevel system of accounts. This ensures an objective assessment of enterprises’ ratings based on their financial results. In the economic security system of enterprises, providing information and analytical support to management for the effective use of budget funds in the form of state support with treasury support has become especially important in recent years. A mechanism for the separate accounting of transactions, objects, expenses, and results under treasury support for allocated subsidies has been developed and proposed as an element of economic security for agricultural enterprises. This mechanism is built vertically by stages of the accounting process. Based on treasury support requirements and the capitalization concept of state aid accounting, accounting segments (“markers”) for targeted budget subsidies are introduced into transaction documentation and system accounting information flows at the analytical, sub-accounting, and synthetic levels. This makes it possible to identify the results obtained with state support funds participation without maintaining a parallel accounting system. A critical analysis of the provisions of international and Russian accounting standards revealed justifications for the trend of further developing the accounting of state aid in agriculture.