Introduction. The evaluation of the ecological state of soils in terms of enzymatic activity during the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons contamination is very informative. The activity of enzymes of the oxidoreductases and hydrolases classes in chernozem is most sensitive to contamination by heavy metals, pesticides, and other types of anthropogenic impact. The informativeness and sensitivity of enzymes during the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated soils have not been adequately studied. Materials and methods. The activity of seven enzymes of oxidoreductases and hydrolases classes of petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated soils after the application of biochar, sodium humate, nitroammophos and Baikal EM-1 was studied. In 90 days from the moment the ameliorants were introduced into the soil, the enzymatic activity of soils was evaluated by changes in the activity of catalase, dehydrogenases, peroxidases, ferrireductases, invertase, urease, and phosphatases. The integral indicator of soil biological activity (IIBA) and the geometric mean enzymatic activity of soils were evaluated for the classes of oxidoreductases (GMea (ОХ)) and hydrolases (GMea (HD)). Results. During the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated chernozem, the concentration of D0.5 of biochar and Baikal EM-1 has a stimulating effect on the activity of oxidoreductases and hydrolases of the soil, and D₂ of nitroammophos and sodium humate – D₂. At a dose of D_0.5 of nitroammophos and biochar, the maximum stimulation of IIBA was established relative to control and petroleum hydrocarbons contamination. The introduction of nitroammophos stimulated the activity of three out of seven enzymes, and biochar stimulated the activity of five out of seven enzymes regarding petroleum hydrocarbons contamination. The highest efficiency of nitroammophos is largely due to excessive stimulation of the urease activity of ordinary chernozem. The values of the geometric mean enzymatic activity (GMea) of oxidoreductases and hydrolases were stimulated relative to the control at a dose of D_0.5 of each ameliorant. The sensitivity series of petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated chernozem enzymes after the introduction of ameliorants from the most sensitive to the least sensitive is the following: ferrireductases > peroxidases > urease > phosphatase > dehydrogenases > invertase > catalase. According to the degree of restoration of the enzymatic activity of soils, the ameliorants can be arranged in the following order (in % of petroleum hydrocarbons contamination): nitroammophos > biochar > sodium humate > Baikal EM-1. Conclusion. During the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated chernozem, the most stimulating effect on the activity of oxidoreductases and soil hydrolases is exerted by the ameliorant at a concentration of D_0.5. For biodiagnostics of the ecological state of petroleum hydrocarbons-contaminated black soils, we recommend using the activity of ferrireductases, peroxidases, urease, and phosphatase.

Current trends in the development of the horticulture industry have shown that in order to meet the needs of the Russian population for fruits and berries, it is necessary to expand the plantations of these crops. Clonal micropropagation is a modern method of mass, accelerated vegetative propagation of plants, which is widely used in the production of domestic planting material for garden plants. However, given that most of the nutrient media used today in the practice of clonal micropropagation were created in 70–80 years of XX century, there is a need to improve its optimal compos ition. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to study the effect of replacing inorganic salts of all microelements that are part of the nutrient medium with complexonates of microelements with a carboxyl-containing ligand – E DTA. A comparative evaluation of the studied nutrient media revealed a significant advantage in plant regeneration ability in all strawberry cultivars on modified nutrient medium No. 1, where the deviation of the multiplier coefficients of the experimental variants from the control was 0.6–1.8 units on the second passage and 0.9–2.9 units. on the third. At the stage of rhizogenesis, the experimental strawberry microplants were highly sensitive to the nutrient media, and the rooting of microrosettes exceeded that of the control by 6.2–25.0% on the 28^th day of subcultivation.

The study evaluated the morphological characteristics of the collection of Paniculate phlox domestic cultivars (Phlox paniculata L.) of N.V. Tsitsin’s Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Cultivars were rated by valuable decorative features in order to select a new breeding material suitable for use in cut flower production and gardening. Accounting of economic and decorative features were carried out within two years, in accordance with the methodology of state cultivar testing. The data obtained are statistically reliable. The complex of morphological features revealed promising domestic cultivars – ‘Gegery’, ‘Timur’, ‘Rozovy kovyor’, ‘Michurinets’, ‘Sigismund Levanevsky’, ‘Atlas’ and ‘Nebesa’, which are valuable breeding source material for domestic cut flower production.

To solve scientific and practical problems in the field of agroforestry of arid territories, it is particularly relevant to preserve protective forest plantations of artificial origin on agricultural lands, since they have a positive impact on the yield of agricultural crops. Increasing the resistance of tree plantations to unfavorable natural and climatic factors of the arid zone, increasing the period of the reclamation effect on soil fertility, improving the ecological state of agrarian landscapes is a priority task in agroforestry reclamation measures. Created in the middle of the XX century, without deep analysis of soil and geological conditions, without taking into account salt resistance and proper care for a long time, forest strips began to degrade and lost their basic functionality. Intended primarily to mitigate the harsh climate of the Volgograd region, forest strips have also lost their aesthetic appeal. Taking into account the considerable experience of artificial afforestation in the arid zone and in the conditions of the dry steppe, there is still no clear scientific justification for the creation of sustainable protective forest plantations that can provide an appropriate reclamation effect aimed at reducing wind speed, improving the microclimate of fields and stabilizing water and wind erosion. In order for agroforestry in the region to have the calculated effect, an analysis of tree plantations in protective forest strips was carried out, since it is necessary to improve the range of tree and shrub plantations that are used in the creation of artificial forest plantations. The heat resistance and winter hardiness of seeds of the most common tree plantations (such as Quercus robur, Ulmus pumila, гибриды вязов, Ulmus minor, Robinia pseudoacacia, Fraxinus lanceolata, Caragana arborescens, Ribes aureum, Tamarix ramosissima) were studied, their salt resistance and durability of the seed generation were studied. Based on the results obtained it was concluded that the most promising for protective afforestation are such genera as: Ulmus pumila, Ulmus pumila x carpinifolia, Ulmus carpinifolia, Robinia pseudoacacia, Celtis occidentalis и Caragana arborescens, the breeding efficiency of which has been proved by the general condition of many protective forest plantations and their resistance in the arid region.

Changing climatic conditions have led to increased focus on sustainable farming methods, which include the development of adaptive varieties. Interspecific and intergenerational hybridization makes it possible to significantly strengthen the resistance of new varieties to abiotic and biotic stress. Trititrigia (×Trititrigia cziczinii Tzvel., 1973) is a new grain crop with features and economically useful properties derived from wild cereals. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the contribution of ear productivity elements of modern trititrigia samples to its productivity. Studies conducted in the conditions of sod-podzolic heavy loamy soils of Moscow region (2008–2016) confirm the specific features of the formation of productivity of trititrigia samples that distinguish it from wheat. The studied samples had an ear length of 7.9 cm to 18.3 cm, the maximum number of samples (42.2%) had an ear length of 12.0 to 13.9 cm. The highest number of samples (21.1%) had 20.1 to 20.9 spikelets per ear, 32.4% of samples formed 60.6–69.5 grains per ear, 29 samples or 41.4% formed on average 1.5–2.0 g of grains per ear. Studies have shown that the elements of the structure of the ear of trititrigia: the length of the ear, the number of grains per ear, the number and weight of grains per do not have a direct positive relationship with productivity. This may be due to the contribution of productive bushiness and biological features of trititrigia in the form of a tendency to generative shoot formation throughout the growing season.

This work is devoted to the study of the effect of a constant magnetic field on the germination of spring wheat seeds of the Lycamero variety. In the experiment, the effect of the north and south poles of magnets on the number and mass of seedlings was studied. The induction of the artificially created magnetic field in the seed location area did not exceed 14 mT. The dispersion analysis of the experimental results showed that, with a probability of 0.95, the magnetic field does not affect the number of seedlings and does not increase their mass. There is a tendency to decrease the mass of seedlings under the south pole of the magnet. During the experiment, increased moisture absorption in the presence of a magnetic field, as well as residual magnetization in seeds was not observed. For this reason, it is concluded that magnetic treatment of germinating wheat seeds of this variety is impractical.

Chinese cabbage is a multivitamin vegetable crop and it is in constant demand due to its taste and dietary qualities, as well as the ability to harvest this crop twice a year due to the short growing season. There are less than 70 cultivars and hybrids in the State Register of Russia, many of them are susceptible to clubroot caused by soil pathogen P.brassicae Wor. In Russia, consumer demand needs to be met with new competitive hybrids that are resistant to major diseases such as clubroot. The aim of the study to evaluate the collection of inbred Chinese cabbage lines with clubroot resistance and to select promising hybrid combinations for further creation of F1 hybrids of the crop.
Field trials were carried out in the summer-autumn period of the year 2021. Twenty five Chinese cabbage inbred lines (B.rapa ssp. pekinensis) and 154 hybrid combinations from crossing these lines were used as plant material. To achieve the goal, the following methods were applied: evaluation of combining ability (GCA and SCA) in the system of crossings of two groups of genotypes; clubroot disease test; molecular genotyping using molecular markers of clubroot resistance genes. As a result of a Chinese cabbage hybrids field trials, 14 were identified that exceed the standards in terms of “mass of head” by at least 20%. Three CR inbred lines K7, K19 and P1d4 with high values of GCA were identified, which are recommended for development of a new hybrid combinations. Based on the data of molecular genotyping of the clubroot resistance genes CRa, CRb, and CRA05 and the disease resistance of Chinese cabbage lines, the genetic collection of lines was differentiated by clubroot resistance genes. This will make it possible to use them as resistance donors when pyramiding resistance genes.

The article is devoted to the scientific and pedagogical activities of the first head of the Department of Agricultural and Forestry Production at the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy (nowadays Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy). The article describes the period of formation and development of creative and scientific potential of the Russian scientist-technologist from the moment he began his studies at the Yaroslavl gymnasium and St. Petersburg University to his work as the head of the Department of Agricultural and Forestry Production at the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy.

Dairy goat breeding is developing dynamically in the world and in Russia. To scientifically substantiate the breeding strategy of dairy goats, meat-dairy goats and dairy-meat ones, it is necessary to expand information about the composition of goat milk and the nature of correlations between its components. In the article, the composition of goat milk of dairy goats, meat-dairy goats and dairy-meat ones is considered in the comparative aspect. The correlation coefficients between the indicators studied by infrared spectroscopy and flow cytometry using automatic CombiFoss 7 DC analyzer are presented. It was found that milk of dairy-meat and meat-dairy goats significantly exceeded milk of dairy goats in terms of the mass fraction of fat, protein, levels of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, lactose and urea. At the same time, the level of differential cells was significantly lower. The nature of the relationship between mass fraction of fat and other components of milk in goats with different severity of milk productivity was the same both in strength and in orientation. A high positive relationship (r = 0.65…0.99) was revealed between the mass fraction of fat and the content of fatty acids, both saturated (SFA, LCFA, MCFA) and unsaturated (MUFA, PUFA, SCFA). Differences in the nature of the relationship between the content of casein and lactose, casein and DSCC were established. For milk of dairy-meat and meat-dairy goats, it was low negative (r = –0.27 and –0.31), for milk of dairy goats – low positive (r = 0.29 and 0.28). Differences were also found between mass fraction of true protein and fatty acids, MDB and the level of somatic cells. Mass fraction of true protein in milk of dairy goats was weakly negatively correlated with LCFA, SCFA, KSK and DSCC (r = –0.16…–0.32), in milk of dairy-meat and meat-dairy goats this relationship was weakly positive (r = 0.14…0.26).

Due to the changing conditions of economic development, there is an increase in demand for beef produced in our country. Satisfying the need for beef is possible not only by increasing the number of livestock specialized in meat production. One of the effective solutions in cattle breeding can be the use of combined breeds, among which we can single out the Simmental breed, which is distinguished by good growth and development rates under the conditions of intensive cultivation technologies. Proper selection of the feeding ration will speed up the development of muscle tissue in the animal’s body and increase meat productivity.
This article is devoted to the study of changes in the level of feeding on the meat productivity of Simmental young stock. The studies were carried out in the SEC PZ “Zarya-1” of the Karachay- Cherkess Republic. The study of meat productivity was carried out according to the accepted methodology of scientific research in animal husbandry. As a result of the analysis of the work performed, it was found that in the group of animals with an increased level of feeding, more intensive body growth was observed compared to the control group. The young bulls of group I received 28% more nutritious feed, which was reflected in live weight indicators in different age periods. So, at 6 months of age, the animals of the experimental group outperformed their counterparts from the control group by 21%; at 12 months of age by 26%; at 18 months by 20%. Also, the beneficial effect of the increased level of feeding was expressed in the values of the measurements and their ratios in the young bulls of group I compared to group II, which was reflected in the body shape of the animals. The young bulls of the control group lagged significantly behind the representatives of the experimental group in terms of body size. In terms of the output of the main slaughter products in all periods, there were differences between the young bulls of groups 1 and 2. At the age of 18 months, the young bulls of group 1 exceeded their counterparts from group 2 in carcass yield by 0.92%; in slaughter yield by 1.46%. When conducting a differentiated deboning of carcasses, it was found that the relative weight of pulp (muscle and fat) increased with age in both groups, while the weight of bones and tendons decreased. However, the young bulls of the experimental group had a higher percentage of bone content compared to their counterparts from the control group, which is especially noticeable in the lumbar and chest. it follows therefrom that an increased level of feeding has a beneficial effect on the growth and exterior indicators of Simmental young bulls and, consequently, on meat productivity indicators.

The full genetic potential of productive animals can only be realised if high standards of welfare are maintained in production. One of the indicators of animal welfare is animal health, and one of the markers of various pathological processes is pain. Sports horse breeding is a specific concept in which the competent work of trainers and riders significantly effects on the health of animals, and therefore their performance, in addition to housing and feeding conditions. Timely diagnosis of pain is important for evaluating animal welfare, as pain can be considered as a predictor of various diseases. Using the standardized Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) pain scale, the population of sports horses of the equestrian sports complex of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy was evaluated for the presence and intensity of pain syndrome, followed by analysis of some blood parameters. A correlation has been established between the intensity of pain and the number of diseases previously diagnosed in animals. Pain, as a powerful stress factor, causes tension in almost all functional systems of the body, including the blood system. Horses with a severe pain syndrome showed changes in the cellular composition of peripheral blood, in particular, an increase in the level of leukocytes, a decrease in the content of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content therein, with a simultaneous increase in the mean erythrocyte volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin,, as well as an increase in glucose concentration. Such changes can be considered as adaptive mechanisms that make the animal body function normally under the effect of pain stress.

Global transformations of world economy pose new challenges to the science and practice, economic instability, high dynamics of changes of the external environment, push the economy to an innovative way of its development as introduction of innovations in practice becomes practically a unique source of sustainable competitive advantage of existence of any economic system. The analysis carried out in the work indicated the presence of very significant factors impeding innovation development of both economic systems and its individual subsystems. The article proposes the author’s approach to the development of classification of existing barriers to innovative development of agrarian economic systems based on application of systematic approach and big data analysis. In the course of the research, methods of logical, semantic analysis, big data analysis and visualization of analytical data were used.

The article is dedicated to the memory of the honored agronomist, PhD (Ag) Vladimir Ivanovich Susov. The article describes the contribution of V.I. Susov in the development of agronomic measures for the cultivation of fruit trees traditional for the middle zone of the European part of Russia (apple, pear, cherry, plum) and less common ones (apricot, quince, peach, walnut and many other valuable trees). The article is dedicated to the 85th anniversary of V.I. Susov.

The article is devoted to the scientific and pedagogical activities of the first head of the Department of Agricultural and Forestry Production at the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy (nowadays Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy). The article describes the period of formation and development of creative and scientific potential of the Russian scientist-technologist from the moment he began his studies at the Yaroslavl gymnasium and St. Petersburg University to his work as the head of the Department of Agricultural and Forestry Production at the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy.