The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of ammophos, sulfoammophos and urea modified with nitrification (DMPP) and urease (NBPT) inhibitors when applied to spring wheat. Field experiments were carried out in 2022–23 on cultivated light loamy soddy-podzolic soil on the territory of the Field Experimental Station of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. It has been shown, that the application of inhibitors with ammophoska and urea increases grain yield by 12–14% and increases protein yield by 10–15%. The application of nitrification and urease inhibitors ensured a higher content of mineral forms of nitrogen in the soil during the growing season and more efficient use of fertilizer nitrogen by plants. The nitrogen utilization coefficients of sulfoammophos, ammophoska and urea increased by 2%, 10% and 18%, respectively, under the influence of the nitrification inhibitor. The application of urease inhibitor together with urea increased the nitrogen utilization coefficient by 12%. The payback of fertilizers in grain yield increased by 1.9–7.1 kg/kg under the effect of inhibitors.

Solving the problem of increasing pea yield is one of the main tasks of crop production in the arid conditions of the Orenburg-Cis-Ural region. The most optimal solution is to use pea crops after applying ammophoska for fall plowing in grain-fallow crop rotations and to identify the effect of factors on grain yield. Adding chopped straw and green manure to the soil of pea predecessors without mineral fertilizers does not solve the problem. Conducting field experiments and statistical analysis (regression) of the results obtained is timely and relevant. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of weather conditions, soil productive moisture and nutrients, weeds and precursors of crop rotation on pea yield by nutritional backgrounds in the arid conditions of the Orenburg Region. On the territory of the experimental production farm named after Kuybyshev, Orenburg Region, pea crops (2002–2022) are being studied in 6-field and 2-field crop rotations on a longterm stationary experimental plot established in 1990. The repetition of the two-factor experiment is fourfold in the area and twentyfold in time. Factor A is backgrounds: fertilized (ammophoska – N₄₀P₄₀K₄₀ kg/ha) and unfertilized (control). Factor B is options: five pea predecessors (two durum and three soft wheat) of crop rotations. Average data were obtained: air temperature for May-August is +16.2…+22.8°C; precipitation – 21.7–42.7 mm; number of dry days – 14–18; hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) – 0.09–0.19; productive moisture content after sowing – 126.9–137.9 mm, before harvesting – 32.2–51.2 mm, consumption – 170.7–179.6 mm; N-NO₃ on a fertilized nutritional background – 84–101, 55–86, 9–30 mg and on an unfertilized background – 66–76, 45–74, 1–25 mg; P2O5–58–63, 52–60, 0–7 mg and 43–46, 37–45, 0–7 mg; K₂O – 423–500, 367–454, 42–56 mg and 382–425, 329–404, 13–53 mg/kg; the number of weeds in the germination phase – 91–139 and 84–109 pcs., in the ripening phase – 40–58 and 37–49 pcs./m2; the mass of weeds – 35.8–47.1 and 33.8–42, 2 g/m²; yield – 0.65–0.87 and 0.60–0.83 t/ha; increase in pea grain – 0.01–0.06 t. The observations revealed an increase in pea yield by nutritional backgrounds in a six-field crop rotation with summer sowing of Sudan grass, depending on the effect of June precipitation, ammophoska and the precursor of soft wheat. Lack of precipitation in June, spent moisture, nitrate nitrogen and weeds significantly reduced pea yield after durum wheat in a two-field crop rotation. The experimental variants revealed a significant effect of dry weather conditions, use of productive moisture, soil nutrient imbalance and weed infestation on pea yield reduction in grainfallow and green manure rotations. The effect of other factors combined was insignificant.

The article presents the results of research on the study of biomorphological features of Phlox paniculata L. varieties from the collection of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy for the most important ornamental and economically valuable features. A methodology was developed and carried out to assess the ornamental features of some Ph. paniculata varieties to obtain breeding material promising for use in urban landscaping, as well as agro-industrial facilities and private gardening. Ornamental and economically valuable traits were considered according to the approved methodology for testing varieties for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability for two years. The tallest plants in the collection are the Zemlyanichnoe Sufle and Miss Olga varieties (on average, 70.0 cm). The most frequent leaf is green (34 varieties). The greatest length of the leaf blade was noted in the Junior Abundance and Casablanca varieties (on average 13.0 cm), the width – in the Berendey and Flamenco varieties (4.3 cm). The maximum flower diameter was found in the Faina Ranevskaya and Younique Mouve varieties (5.2 cm), inflorescence diameter – in the Flamenco variety (20.8 cm). The most frequent inflorescence shape in the studied varieties is rounded-conical (13 varieties). As a result of the assessment of the main morphological features, domestic and foreign varieties of Ph. paniculata varieties promising for breeding and producing high-quality floral products were identified: Zemlyanichnoe Sufle, Miss Olga, Knyaz Ryurik, Flamenco, Faina Ranevskaya, Chaika, Spatsommer, White Sparr, Dusterlohe, Casablanca, Darwin’s Joyce, Younique Mouve. The most ornamental variety is Darwin’s Joyce (64–75 points) characterized by a dense and compact bush, a rather strong and ornamental inflorescence consisting of large flowers of uniform, non-fading color. The possibility of using some varieties for cutting was considered.

Bulbous spring-flowering aromatic plants of Hyacinthus orientalis L. are very popular and in demand on the market, used worldwide for pot and garden culture, cutting, in perfumery and have antitumor and immunomodulatory activity. Despite low winter hardiness, H. orientalis cultivars are cultivated in open ground and in regions with moderate continental climate. The time of flowering, parameters of the above-ground part of generative shoots and bulbs of H. orientalis vary significantly in different soil and climatic conditions. The aim of this work was to establish the flowering dates and comparative morphological parameters of some cultivars of H. orientalis in forcing and in open ground of the Central Non-Chernozem region. The cultivars Blue Jacket, China Pink, Gipsy Princess, Pink Pearl and Rosette were forced in the winter-spring period under laboratory conditions near a window without additional lighting, and then the bulbs were planted in the open ground in the fall. The bulbs used in the experiments were 4–5 cm in diameter. As a result of the studies, the time of the beginning of budding and flowering, duration of flowering of the plants were determined. It was found that the duration of flowering in open ground due to lower average daily air temperature was 16–33 days. This is 2–3 times more than in forcing. The height of plants in all studied H. orientalis cultivars in the conditions of partial shade of open ground exceeded the height of plants in forcing by 14–31% and amounted to 29.7–37.2 cm. The average number of flowers in the inflorescences of the generative shoots in the cultivars varied from 15.5 to 20.0 pieces in forcing and from 7.8 to 9.3 pieces in open ground. In order to increase the intensity of plant growth in forcing and lay the largest number of flowers in the bulbs, it is recommended to control the illumination of plants. Based on the duration of flowering and the ability to renew and reproduce bulbs, we have identified the early flowering cultivars China Pink and Pink Pearl as the most promising for open ground in the Central Non-Chernozem region.

The article presents the results of research on the adaptability of planting material of neglected sweetvetch (Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb.) obtained by clonal micropropagation in the natural and climatic conditions of the Vologda District, Vologda Region, Russia. Currently, the development of the medicinal plant industry in Russia plays an important role within the concept of saving the health of the population. Industrial cultivation of rare medicinal plants using modern adaptive cultivation technologies is important for organic agriculture and the conservation of the biodiversity of phytogenic resources. H. neglectum is the most important herbaceous plant with a wide range of pharmacological activity. The winter hardiness of the cultivated H. neglectum plants in the experimental area after the 1st overwintering was 90%, after the 2nd overwintering – 100%. 3-year-old H. neglectum plants formed three times more erect leafy shoots than 2-year-old plants. Mass maturation of seeds of 2–3-year-old H. neglectum plants in the Vologda Region is observed at the end of the 1st decade of August. The height of 2–3-year-old H. neglectum plants was 55.0–59.9 cm, while 3-year-old plants formed an average of 5.6 generative shoots per plant, which is three times more generative shoots compared to 2-year-old plants. The mass of the above-ground part of one shoot of 3-year-old H. neglectum plants averaged 20.9 g, which is 50% more than that of 2-year-old plants. The yield of H. neglectum phytomass of above-ground part in the air-dry state in 3-year-old plants was 117 g/m2, which is five times more compared to 2-year-old plants. A sufficiently high adaptability of 3-year-old H. neglectum plants to the agro-climatic conditions of the Vologda Region was noted.

The main methods of apple tree recovery from latent viruses are thermotherapy and chemotherapy. Depending on the type of virus, the applied methods of apple tree recovery can be different and require improvement in relation to the biological characteristics of the rootstock 62–396 and the properties of viruses. The aim of the research is to study the features of recovery from the main harmful viruses of the apple tree clonal rootstock 62–396 using the methods of complex in vitro therapy. The recovery of plants of t apple tree clonal rootstock 62–396 from the ACLSV, ApMV and ASGV viruses was carried out in 2021–2022 using antiviral drugs (AVD) of ribavirin (standard) 40 mg/L, phenolcarboxylic acid 30 mg/L and cyclopentanone 2.5 mg/L at air temperatures +20°C and +38°C. Thermotherapy of explants at a temperature of +38°C was carried out in the KS-200 SPU climatostat for three months. Magnetic pulse processing (MPР) was carried out using the AMIS-8 device. At a temperature of +20°C, the possibility of using AVD for 45 and 90 days was established. The combination of AVD with a temperature of +38°C for 45 days resulted in relatively high parameters of explant survival rate, while increasing of duration to 90 days led to a 1.7-fold decrease in survival rate. The combination of temperature +38°C and MPР (without AVD), temperature +38°C and phenolcarboxylic acid provided a high survival rate of 81.3%. The combination of a temperature of +38°C and ribavirin, a temperature of +38°C and ribavirin plus MPР, a temperature of +38°C with phenolcarboxylic acid plus cyclopentanone provided an average survival rate of 56.3%. Growth parameters in apple rootstock 62–396 explants depended on the type of AVD, temperature, and MPР. Application of the studied AVD at a temperature of +20°C after 1.5 months of cultivation resulted in a 2.1–3.2-fold decrease in the number of shoots compared to the control. Increasing the temperature to +38°C inhibited the formation of shoots in all variants, leading to a 2.9-fold decrease in the number of shoots in the control, and a 1.1–1.5-fold decrease in the variants with AVD. Treatment with magnetic induction pulses reduced the inhibitory effect of high temperature in the control. The yield of latent virus-free explants of apple tree clonal rootstock 62–396 in vitro by different methods of rehabilitation was 50%. A low virus infection index (1.2 for ACLSV and ASGV, 1.6 for ApMV) was observed during the complex therapy using AVD (phenolcarboxylic acid + cyclopentanone), thermal and magnetic therapy.

As a result of global warming, diseases caused by Fusarium spp. pathogens are becoming increasingly harmful to vegetable crops. An effective way to control these diseases is to breed resistant varieties and hybrids. It is of paramount importance to obtain local pathogen isolates and strains for breeding efforts. In a previous study, over 120 Fusarium isolates were obtained from vegetable crops in the Moscow Region and their pathogenicity and aggressiveness were studied. Among them, nine of the most aggressive isolates collected from infected plants of carrot, beet, pea, cabbage, cucumber, and tomato were selected. The aim of the study was to determine the species identification and characterize the toxicogenic properties of aggressive Fusarium isolates affecting vegetable crops. The Fusarium species were identified by a combination of morphological features and molecular genetic analysis. Toxicogenic properties were studied by germination of Tambovchanka radish seeds on filtrates of culture liquids of the studied isolates. As a result of the research, it is shown that all studied isolates belong to the Fusarium oxysporum species. In addition, Fusarium equiseti was found in three isolates, and both Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium poae were identified in four others. Thus, aggressive Fusarium isolates are predominantly represented by a mixture of Fusarium species. Aggressive Fusarium isolates were shown to differ significantly in phytotoxic activity. Both isolates represented by one species (No. 12, No. 54) and isolates represented by two species (No. 10, No. 16) had high phytotoxicity. Isolate No. 13, represented by a mixture of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium equiseti species, was characterized by low phytotoxicity. All isolates (No. 19, 26, 30 and 53) represented by the three Fusarium species showed moderate toxicity.

The studies were conducted on the plots of the ampelographic collection of the Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking in 2023–2024. The aim of the research is to study the resistance of Dmitry grape shoots to low negative temperatures during the winter period when treated with abscisic acid (ABA) of various concentrations with the addition of magnesium sulfate. The plants were treated at the end of the growing season. Four treatment options were used: 1) 50 mM ABA + 42mM/l magnesium sulfate solution; 2) 100 mM ABA + 42mM/l magnesium sulfate solution; 3) 200 mM ABA + 42mM/l magnesium sulfate solution; 4) control – treatment with tap water. In January, during the period of maximum resistance to low temperatures, the treated shoots were artificially frozen in a CM-30/100–120 climate chamber at the temperatures of –15°C, –20°C, –25°C. Treatment with ABA at different concentrations increased the viability of the buds, but the maximum effect was obtained when using an ABA concentration of 200 mM + 42mM/l magnesium sulfate solution. This treatment increased the percentage of viable buds at –15°C by 16.1%; at –20°C by 32.8%; at –25°C by 75.3%, resulting in an increase in bud viability to 96.2–98.2%. It was found that the treatment increases the content of glycols, which act as cryoprotectors, and also reduces the vulnerability of cell membranes to damage, stabilizng them and reducing the release of potassium and calcium ions. The data obtained indicate the possibility of using ABA for autumn treatment of grapes to increase resistance to low negative temperatures in winter.

The content of secondary metabolites in plants varies greatly depending on weather and climate conditions, therefore, an urgent problem in medicinal plant breeding is the assessment of taxa for the stability content of target compounds in different weather years and the identification of the most predictable species by this parameter. The work assesses 14 economically significant species from the Lamiaceae family. Many species of the Lamiaceae family are considered as popular medicinal, essential oil and spice-aromatic plants due to the content of biologically active compounds with multifunctional action. The aim of the work is a comparative assessment of Lamiaceae family representatives in terms of the stability of the raw material composition depending on the weather and climatic conditions of the year. To achieve this, the content of phenolic compounds in the studied species was determined and their comparative characteristics were provided. The content of phenolic compounds reflects the total amount of different groups of secondary metabolites. They include simple phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic carboxylic acids. As a result of 4-year observations, the following species should be noted as stable in terms of phenolic compound content under various weather and climate conditions: Satureja hortensis (coefficient of variation 3.48%), Origanum vulgare (coefficient of variation 4.11%), Hyssopus officinalis (coefficient of variation 5.59%), Thymus vulgaris (coefficient of variation 8.21%), Monarda fistulosa (coefficient of variation 9.5%) and Dracocephalum moldavica (coefficient of variation 9.71%). Consequently, these plants will have the most predictable indicators of phenolic compound content and raw material quality for further use and processing.

The article analyzes the importance and relevance of implementing 3D camera technology in the agribusiness sector, especially in the field of farming and animal husbandry. The focus is on the complexity and labor-intensive nature of the existing on-farm linear estimation process for cows, which is currently not automated and requires considerable effort. As a potential solution to this problem, the use of an Intel RealSense D435 3D camera in combination with developed algorithms for efficient extraction and processing of information from the cow point cloud is proposed. The introduction of the article analyzes the existing research and development on the problem at hand, which emphasizes the importance and timeliness of the topic. Furthermore, the authors describe the methodology of collecting 3D data of the cow croup using the mentioned 3D camera and justify the choice of this equipment for solving the task at hand. In the course of the work, algorithms were developed and adapted to perform filtering, preprocessing of the point cloud obtained from cows, followed by segmentation and measurement of linear parameters of the animals. These algorithms were subjected to laboratory tests on a specially designed cow croup model. The purpose of these tests was to compare the results obtained from both manual measurements and the automated process. Based on the results of the laboratory tests, it was found that the average error of the measurements made by the algorithm was 3.5%, while the maximum error did not exceed 9.2%. The algorithm was also tested directly on the farm. This stage allowed to verify the performance and efficiency of the proposed solution in real conditions. The test results confirmed the high applicability and implementation potential of the developed system. Thus, an innovative solution is proposed that can improve the current approach to measuring the linear parameters of the cow.

In the research, the authors describe data on the study of the taxonomic diversity of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, namely the ceca of domesticated pheasants of two species (Caucasian, Romanian). In addition, the isolation and identification of dominant representatives of the genus Lactobacillus as promising representatives of probiont strains was carried out. The composition of taxonomic groups of microorganisms in the contents of the ceca of pheasants was studied by a modern bacterial metagenomic research. Isolation of pure cultures of dominant species of the genus Lactobacillus from the chyme of the ceca of pheasants was carried out by classical microbiological methods. Identification of the dominant lactobacilli performed by mass spectrometry using MALDI-TOF MS. Whole-genome sequencing of the dominant members of the genus Lactobacillus was performed according to the research protocols on the MiSeq device (Illumina). The conducted bacterial metagenomic analysis revealed that in the caecal contents of the pheasants of both breeds, representatives of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes predominated at the phylum level, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli and Clostridia at the class level, Pseudomonadales at the order level, and Psychrobacter at the genus level. When isolating and identifying representatives of the genus Lactobacillus by mass spectrometric studies on a MALDI-TOF MS device, it was found that the dominant superiority was occupied by such species as Loigolactobacillus coryniformis, Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus reuteri. As a result of whole-genome DNA sequencing of pure cultures of lactobacilli, their species membership was confirmed, and structures responsible for the production of a number of bacteriocins were identified in the genome of Lactobacillus coryniformis and Lactobacillus johnsonii.

The article presents data on comparative analysis of the productivity, immune status and microbiota of the cecum of broiler chickens when probiotics based on the strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SG66 and/or Bacillus subtilis GA24 were added to the diet. The work used broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 cross, which were raised in floor housing from one day to 42 days of age. The birds of groups 1, 2 and 3 received a balanced diet with the addition of probiotics based on L. plantarum SG66, B. subtilis GA24 and their mixtures, respectively, at dose of 2.70 × 106 CFU/g of feed; group 4 (control) received a complete diet. Live weight gain of the broiler chickens in groups 1, 2 and 3 was higher (p<0.05) than the control by 6.18, 7.02 and 9.81%, respectively; feed conversion was lower by 1.76, 3.53 and 2.94%. Productivity index of the broiler chickens in groups 1, 2 and 3 was higher than in the control by 35.75, 44.93 and 54.66 U, respectively. The broiler chickens in group 3 (97.07%) had the highest safe keeping followed by groups 2, 1 and 4 (96.50, 96.63 and 94.29%, respectively). The observed increase (p<0.05) in the digestibility of nutrients of the diet of the broiler chickens of group 1 was due to the digestibility of dry matter, group 2 – dry matter and fiber, group 3 – dry matter, fiber and protein. Compared with the control, the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, bactericidal and lysozyme activities of blood serum of the broiler chickens in groups 2 and 3 increased (p <0.05). No significant changes in these indicators were observed in the broiler chickens of group 1. According to the results of quantitative PCR, the total number of bacteria in the chyme of the cecum of the broiler chickens of groups 1, 2 and 3 was greater (p<0.05) in 1.12, 1.21 and 1.17 times higher, respectively, than in the control group (p<0.05). An increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the experimental groups of broiler chickens was positively correlated with an increase in their live weight gain (p=1.0, according to Spearman, p<0.05).

The article is devoted to problems and tendencies of formation of technological sovereignty and its basis. The research is based on the tasks set by the top officials of the state in the issues of ensuring technological sovereignty in Russian agriculture, the works of domestic scientists considering these issues. The main reasons limiting and negatively influencing the formation of technological (technical) sovereignty in agriculture are considered. Within the framework of the analysis of these reasons, the structure of investments in the purchase of agricultural machinery in recent years in the farms of one of the regions of the Urals Federal District is considered, the correlation analysis is carried out to assess the relationship of indicators characterizing the low share of participation of credit resources in the technological capacity building of the industry. As a result of mathematical calculations and correlation analysis, the optimal interest rate of the Central Bank is determined so that the banking system can become a driver of technological development. The authors emphasize the fundamental difference between the structure of investments in small farms and in agricultural enterprises. The study defines the role and capabilities of the state in the development of the domestic agro-industrial sector, including the agricultural machinery industry and the agricultural sector. Using the methodology for determining the normative requirements for the main types of agricultural machinery, the authors modeled the dynamics of the formation of the agricultural machinery fleet to ensure technical sovereignty in Russian agriculture. It is concluded that in order to achieve technical (technological) sovereignty it is necessary to increase the production of the main types of agricultural machinery and to create conditions for their purchase by agricultural producers.

The growing interest of the population in a healthy lifestyle contributes to the rapid growth of consumption of environmentally friendly products. In accordance with the Strategic Plan for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, one of the priorities in the agricultural sector for the coming years is the transition to high-productive organic agriculture. According to the FIBL Institute, the global organic market is estimated at $230 billion with an annual growth of 7–8%. About 187 countries in the world are involved in the production of organic products. The area of agricultural land used for organic crops was 96.4 million hectares in 2022, and the number of companies with organic status approached 4.5 million. Organic livestock farming is the most important area of organic agriculture, which provides for certain conditions for keeping, breeding and feeding animals using humane methods without the use of synthetic substances, antibiotics and hormonal drugs. In the organic product segment of the Russian Federation, dairy and meat products account for 9%. The volume of organic milk production in Russia in 2021 was at the level of 17,275 tons, or 0.05% of the total volume of milk produced. Higher requirements are imposed on organic producers, and therefore Russian and international standards have been developed regulating all technological processes and the quality of the resulting organic products. According to the Strategy for the Development of Organic Production in the Russian Federation, by 2030 the share of organic products will be 5% of the world agricultural market. Russia has large land and labor resources to increase the production of organic livestock products.