In the studies carried out in 2004–2005 at the structural subdivision of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (Field Station), accumulation of NPK in the roots was observed. It was revealed that the underground mass of agrophytocenoses consisting of legume and cereal component mowed twice significantly outstripped the variants mowed three times during the growing season. The maximum underground mass was recorded in the third year of use. It was 8.70–10.7 t/ha in the variant with the variegated alfalfa Lugovaya 67. Dynamics of increase of underground mass in agrophytocenoses with meadow clover in 2004 and 2005 were close – 2.49–3.72 and 2.68–3.70 t/ha. At the same time the underground mass of variants with clover was characterized by the high content of nitrogen. Thus, the highest N content in agrophytocenoses with clover was observed for the varieties Mars (1.89%) and Ranniy 2 (1.82%), while agrophytocenoses with alfalfa had values of 1.75% and 1.65% (the varieties Lada and Lugovaya 67, respectively). The highest phosphorus content was observed in the variants where the legume component is represented by alfalfa Lugovaya 67 (0.48%) and Vega 87 (0.42%). At the same time among clover-grass agrophytocenoses it was 0.38% (the variety Ranniy 2). The maximum content of К2О was observed in the underground mass of alfalfa Lugovaya 67 (0.87%) and clover Trio (0.84%). The lowest relative content of potassium (0.64%) was recorded in the agrophytocenosis, where the legume component is represented by alfalfa (the variety Vernal). As a result of the conducted research, the advantage of alfalfa varieties over clover varieties was noted in terms of the relative content of the studied elements. At the same time, the maximum values were observed in agrophytocenosis (cereals + alfalfa) of the variety Lugovaya 67. Among the variants (cereals + clover), the maximum values for the accumulation of studied elements were characterized by the variety Ranniy 2.

The Red Data Book of the Stavropol Territory (2013) contains materials on the distribution of rare and endangered species and their habitat in the region. Especially active research in this direction was carried out until 2001. But since the environment around us changes under human influence, the floral composition of the Stavropol Territory also changes: not only some rare species disappear, but also their populations. Since 2009, the staff of the Stavropol Botanical Garden has been involved in research work on the inventory of protected species of local flora in order to clarify their habitats and assess the current state. During the period from 2009 to 2021, we visited 12 administrative districts, conducted a survey of 22 specially protected territories of the state and regional significance and nine territories which do not have a protected status. More than 80 expedition trips were organized. At the first stages of monitoring studies, the areas of detected populations and their coordinates were determined using a GPS navigator. Scientific work on the study of the state of some protected species was carried out according to a simplified program, i.e., according to the first level of monitoring. Making one-time expedition trips, the maximum data collection was carried out for their further accumulation. The study of the age spectrum, in this case, was carried out on meter sites laid when moving along the population. Research work on the study of species in dynamics was at stationary sites. To determine the state of populations and their vitality, visits to stationary sites were planned periodically and at different times of the growing season. All data on the study of the state of populations of protected species of the the Stavropol Territory are published in annual scientific reports and articles in journals of research institutions.

The structure of cenopopulations of the herbaceous fodder plant Astragalus austrosibiricus Schischkin in different ecological and phytocenotic conditions of the Republic of Altai and Khakassia was studied. Studies were conducted on the state of the ontogenetic structure of the cenopopulations of the perennial taproot semi-rosette polycarpic Astragalus austrosibiricus, found on the degraded pastures and areas after a fire. Centered and bimodal types of age ontogenetic spectra of cenopopulations on undisturbed communities are revealed. Such features of the biology of the species as seed reproduction, rapid rates of development at the beginning and end of ontogenesis, the duration of the mature generative state, determine the ontogenetic structure of the cenopopulation of the species. In addition, the growing conditions (the presence of anthropogenic load, altitude above sea level and habitat moisture) also have the effect. Assessment of the state of cenopopulations of Astragalus austrosibiricus in the conditions of the Altai Mountains and Khakassia is based on the study of a complex of organismic and population traits. The values of the total points of organismal (17–21 points) and population (23–35 points) signs from cenopopulations with conditions most favorable for the habitat of this species are determined. On steppe pastures in the Altai Mountains with a high pasture load, the cenopopulations of Astragalus austrosibiricus are in a pessimal state. It is established that they are characterized by the lowest values of most of the parameters of the species, therefore, they gain from 5 to 13 aggregate points. A comprehensive assessment of the state of cenopopulations showed a significant variability in the morphological features of individuals and population parameters. Meadow cenopopulations 42 are in optimal condition in the undisturbed habitats of a Khakassia, where the maximum and average values of organismal and population traits are noted.

Analyzing the varieties of apple trees included in the assortment of the Orenburg region from various regions of our country, it can be noted that fruits of attractive appearance, large size, good taste and high yield are in the greatest demand. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to select varieties and introduce them as sustainable agrocenoses for the Orenburg region. The article presents the results of a study of 15 introduced apple varieties. Landing pattern is 3.0 × 5.0 m. The studies were carried out in 2019–2021. on the basis of the Orenburg branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture. The purpose of the research was a comparative assessment of the biological complex of introduced apple varieties to create sustainable agrocenoses in the Orenburg region. When determining the complex by drought resistance (leaf water content, water deficit, water loss in leaves) of introduced apple varieties, the authors identified varieties with medium drought tolerance, such as Brusnichnoe, Mechtatel’nitsa, Spartak, Akaevskaya Krasavitsa, and Polina. It was revealed that the varieties Sverdlovchanin (27.4 t/ha), Spartak (28.8 t/ha), Simvol (28.4 t/ha) and Podarok oseni (27.8 t/ha) are characterized by high yield. According to the weight of the fruit, the varieties Spartak (139.7 g), BratChud (138.0 g), Simvol (135.6 g), and Bessemyanka Michurinskaya (133.4 g) stood out. Taking into account a set of indicators (drought resistance, yield, weight and number of fruits), the most promising introduced apple varieties can be identified to recommend as stable agrocenoses and starting material for breeding in the Orenburg region.

The article is concerned with immune status evaluation at replacement cattle aged 12 months when using a tissue biostimulator based on antler deer slaughterhouse tankage. The experiment on replacement young cattle took place at on-the-farm conditions of JSC “Uchkhoz “Prigorodnoe,” the Industrial District of Barnaul, Altai Territory. The researchers administered the tissue biostimulant to the experimental animals aged 1 to 12 months of rearing monthly with 30 days intervals at different doses according to the schedule: the first experimental group: aged 1 to 5 months – 2 ml per head, aged 6 to 11 months – 4 ml per head, aged 12 months – 8.0 ml per head; the second experimental group: aged 1 to 5 months – 3 ml per head, aged 6 to 11 months – 6 ml per head, at 12 months – 15.0 ml per head; the third experimental group: aged 1 to 5 months – 4 ml per head, aged 6 to 11 months – 8 ml per head, aged 12 months – 16.0 ml per head. Control animals were injected with normal saline: aged 1 to 5 months – 3 ml per head, aged 6 to 11 months – 6 ml per head, aged 12 months – 15 ml per head. The studies found that the optimal dose and tissue biostimulant dosing schedule, promoting the relative content of the tE-POK subpopulations by 5.0% (p ≤ 0.01), bE-POK by 4.9% (p ≤ 0.001), pE- ROC by 5.0% (p ≤ 0.05) EM-ROC by 3.1% (p ≤ 0.01), decreasing vE-ROC by 2.6% (p ≤ 0.05) and increasing in the absolute content of bEROC by 72.4% (p ≤ 0.05), respectively, are 3 ml per head for aged 1 to 5 months, 6 ml per head aged 6 to 11 months and 15.0 ml per head aged 12 months.

However, when rearing replacement young animals, specialists are faced with factors that directly and indirectly affect the harmonious development and high productivity potential of animals of this breed. To develop evidence-based measures for growing, feeding, keeping and treating animals, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the individual development of their organism, to reveal the mechanisms of the development of the physiological, biochemical and immunological status in ontogenesis, in particular in postnatal ontogenesis. The individual development of the organism of goats is determined by heredity, which is fully realized when, at each stage of development, the body is provided with specific and obligatory environmental conditions for it. Science and practical experience show the higher the genotypic potential of the animal is the more complex these relationships are. The signal for the realization of the genotypic potential of the reproductive and productive functions in animals is the environmental factors that change with the seasons of the year. Among these factors are the heliogeophysical, natural-climatic and microclimatic parameters which are of the greatest importance. But in order to use these patterns to predict and develop specific preventive measures, it is necessary to have a systemic model of the morphological and functional parameters of the organism, taking into account the species, breed, age and other characteristics of animals. Physiological and biochemical parameters of blood play a special role and key importance both in the process of assessing the physiological status of the animal organism and in the process of timely diagnosis of pathological factors.

The lack of market for farming lands and dynamics of their area growth is a process which should be considered in terms of the need to involve them in the farming business. Taking into account the current situation in Russia, one of the ways of addressing the issue of country’s food security and food import substitution is the introduction of unclaimed farming lands into the farming business. By 2030, the Ministry of Agriculture plans to involve 13 million hectares of farming lands in the farming business. This article identifies causes of appearance and growth of such unclaimed lands. Available economic approaches to addressing the issue of their reduction are considered. The study of the state and use of farming lands shows the scale of the problem of abandoned farming lands in Russia. Despite measures aimed at introducing unclaimed farming lands into the farming business, the area of abandoned farming lands did not decrease between 2017 and 2020. We propose to address problems with unclaimed farming lands by using the synthesis of market and governmental instruments in the context of governmental programs for reclamation of unclaimed lands, the market law of derived demand, and theory of effective demand. At the same time, it is necessary to place special emphasis on boosting the demand for farm products as the main approach to increasing the area of abandoned farming lands introduced into the farming business. The ultimate goal of the study, one of the stages of which are proposals presented in the article, is to validate approaches and measures aimed at introducing farming lands into the farming business.

To effectively locate the organic crop production by regions of Rus sia, a methodology has been developed. It includes the development of a database for calculating a system of indicators of the conditions for the production and consum ption of organic products. The indicators are selected using the expert method. They characterize the regions in terms of the potential for socioeconomic development; the state of agriculture; climatic and ecological conditions; the standard of living of the population that forms the demand for organic products. The methods o f Factor and Cluster analysis are the basis of the methodology. Based on the results of the Factor analysis, five components were identified for each group of indicators that formed the basis for the typification of regions. The method of Cluster analysis identified seven groups (clusters) of regions, differentiated according to the conditions that form the potential for the develo pment of organic production. Approaches to the location of certain types of crop production are proposed for each cluster. Efficient location of production is justified by taking into account the climatic conditions important for crop pro duction, consumer demand and the ability to supply the population within each group of regions. The authors tested the methodology for the regions of Russia, which allowed not only to ident ify the conditions most favorable for the organic production, but also to give recommendations on crops for growing in these territories.

The article solves the problem of updating the parameters of the policy of purchasing and commodity interventions in the Russian wheat grain market. These parameters are the recommended range of the intervention fund size and the corresponding price interval, outside which interventions are necessary (commodity beyond the upper boundary and purchase beyond the lower boundary). The applied methodology is based on the updated simulation model of the intervention policy on the wheat market, previously developed at the Center for Agro-Food Policy of the RANEPA. Calculations with its help are carried out using the series of average monthly wheat prices (both domestic and foreign) for 2012–2020. When updating the model, the approach to calculating the volume of intervention sales (purchases) has been revised: it is now based on the difference reproduced by the model between gross sales of wheat grain on the domestic market in the current month with and without interventions. This novelty adapts the model to a situation where the state levels the impact of interventions on the volume of foreign trade in wheat with the help of appropriate shortterm foreign trade policy measures. It is shown that interventions effectively reduce the coefficient of variation of prices, smoothing their upper and lower peaks, with the size of the intervention fund in the range of 0.9–2.7 million metric tons. Interventions are recommended when the average Russian prices for food grains of wheat of the third class (monthly average) go beyond the range from 9 to 12 thousand rubles/ton. The example of the Krasnodar kray shows that the difference in the price dynamics between regional wheat markets in some cases can cause the interventions to entail effects conflicting with their goal. The study supports the expediency of harmonizing the intervention policy with the policy of regulating the volume of cross-border operations with wheat. The necessity of studies aimed at creating, in the long term, institutional and infrastructural conditions for conducting regional commodity and purchasing interventions in the wheat market, primarily in the port regions, is argued. To ensure the effectiveness of such interventions, it is necessary to establish a system for tracking the origin and use of commercial lots of grain, including wheat.

This article discusses the prospects for the use and rapid development of modern satellite systems and observation technologies in pasture farming. The main possibilities of constructing a predictive model for planning the productivity of pasture herbage on the basis of multivariate analysis of remote sensing are presented. The obtained data are used to build a technological map of animal grazing. Currently, the data obtained as a result of satellite observation and associated technologies are increasingly used in tasks related to obtaining reliable objective information about the state of agricultural land and the possibility of their industrial use. To solve the set tasks, specialized information systems and models of various levels of predicting the productivity of the land used and the productivity of pasture animals are rapidly being developed and implemented. As objectively observable data on the current state of pastures in our studies, we used multispectral images of the Copernicus Sentinel-2 Earth remote sensing satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA). The data obtained made it possible to establish the relationship between the productivity of rangelands and the vegetation index obtained by the remote method and verified by the contact method during field trials. Studies of the chemical composition and nutritional value of forage grazing plants made it possible to assess the yield of nutrients and energy from 1 m2 . According to the results of accounting for the live weight of the controlled animals, it was found that the live weight of sheep grazed on pasture No. 1 statistically significantly exceeded this indicator by 6.2% in analogues that were grazed on pasture No. 2. Based on the results obtained, recommendations were made to substantiate the periods of optimal use of pasture areas, based on the use of digital methods of remote monitoring.

The relevance of the research is due to the tendency of using concentrated forms of milk and whey proteins in food products, ice cream in particular, to increase protein content and reduce raw material costs. The purpose of this work was to study the quality indicators of the most produced in Russia Plombières ice cream with partial replacement of milk solids non-fat (MSNF) with whey protein concentrates and hydrolysates.

A significant effect of whey protein concentrates and hydrolysates on the dynamic viscosity and air saturation ability of the mixture was found. Compared to the control sample, the viscosity of mixtures with whey protein concentrates decreased by a factor of 2, while the hydrolysates increased by at least 1.5. The ability of the mixture to saturate with air by whipping index decreased by 1.9 and 1.6 times compared to the control, respectively. When using concentrates, the average diameter of air bubbles increased by 1.23–1.26 times compared with control. The negative effect of whey protein hydrolysates on thermal stability and positive effect on ice crystal dispersion was noted. The fraction of float after 60 min of incubation was 16%, while it was absent in the control, and the average size of ice crystals was larger, 1.4 times larger, than in the control.

Whey protein concentrates and hydrolysates, when partially replacing milk solids nonfat in ice cream, affect the dynamic viscosity of the mixture, the beatability and thermal stability of the product, as well as the dispersion of the air phase and ice crystals. In this regard, the research results will be useful in the development of industrial ice cream technologies with their use.

The article was prepared within the framework of research under the state assignment of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Refrigeration Industry – branch of V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Science.

When the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy was founded, the Department of Mineralogy and Geognosy was established, along with other departments. The course of geology, taught at the department, had an applied significance as well as a huge ideological and educational value. During its existence, a scientific and pedagogical school in the field of crystallography, mineralogy and geology was established. The research of agronomic ores, linking the geological and agronomic sciences is of great importance. For a century and a half since its foundation, the department has gone through a difficult path from purely descriptive geological research (lithological-petrographic, paleontological) to complex interdisciplinary (paleolandscape and adaptive landscape) research.

The article is devoted to the 100th anniversary of the Faculty of Economics, now the Institute of Economics and Management in Agribusiness of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, the stages of foundation and development of agroeconomic science and education. The periods of development of the faculty and the origin of scientific economic schools during the period from 1865 till 1917 are analyses. The historical periods of foundation and improvement of the activity of the Faculty of Economics, its transformation to the current Institute of Economics and Management in Agribusiness have been considered, and the outstanding scholars-economists of various periods of the faculty activity have been presented.

The article is devoted to the activities of Richard Ivanovich Schroeder, an outstanding Russian scientist, practitioner and teacher in the field of Horticulture. The outstanding role of R.I. Schroeder in the development of scientific horticulture, vegetable growing and ornamental gardening, in the foundation of educational activities in the Petrovsky (now the RSAU-MTAA) Academy is described. Information about the main directions of scientific activity of R.I. Schroeder is presented. Among them are: the introduction and acclimatization of plants, the breeding of new  stable forms of perennial garden plants, the creation of an outstanding monument of gardening and landscape art of the Arboretum named after R.I. Schroeder. The classic work of R.I. Schroeder “Russkiy ogorod, pitomnik i plodoviy sad [Russian vegetable garden, nursery and orchard]” was a reference book for many generations of Russian gardeners. It has not lost its relevance in the present. The last edition of this outstanding work was in 2008. The scientific, pedagogical, and practical activity of this outstanding person became the foundation for the subsequent development of scientific and pedagogical schools in the field of horticulture.