This paper assesses the productivity of single-species and mixed crops of peas, field peas and spring vetch with spring wheat, depending on the composition and use of fertilizers. The authors determined application rates and combinations of mineral fertilizers for well-supplied with phosphorus and potassium sod-podzolic soils of the Central Non-Chernozem Region with slightly acidic or close to neutral condition. This ensures obtaining 2.8-4.2 t / ha of grain and 8.0-10.5 t / hectares of dry aboveground mass with the accumulation of crude protein 6-10 c / ha and 12-15 c / ha, the exchange energy of 35-46 GJ / ha and 77-105 GJ / ha, respectively. For the best grain yield, the Nemchinovsky 50 variety of seed peas was singled out in a single-sowing crop, and in mixtures of seed pea varieties with spring wheat. When grown for haylage, all the studied mixtures were characterized by high productivity.

The paper deals with the issue of building a regression model of winter wheat yield depending on heat and moisture supply. Such models are recommended to be built separately for each typical outcome of random weather conditions of the growing season. The authors propose an algorithm to identify typical weather outcomes over the years of observations, divide the statistical sample into groups and further evaluate the regressions. To identify outcomes, analysis was made of hydrothermal coefficient during the critical period ofplant development, as well as the deviations of average daily temperatures and the amount ofprecipitation over the months of the growing season. The authors developed an algorithm in processing statistics of experiments with winter wheat, which were performed at the Kaluga Research Institute of Agriculture from 1967 to 1999. They demonstarated production functions of winter wheat depending on the levels of nitrogen nutrition, calculated for weather conditions with insufficient, normal, and excessive moisture supply. The level of nitrogen nutrition is represented by an integrated indicator of the amount of nitrogen available to plants from all sources (soil, crop-root residues of the forecrop, organic and mineral fertilizers), taking into account utilization factors. Based on the analysis of production functions, it was shown that in the Kaluga region under conditions of normal moisture supply, the maximum yield of winter wheat of 4.75 t/ha is achieved at a nitrogen nutrition level of200 kg/ha; with low moisture provision, the maximum yield of 4.31 t/ha is achieved at a nitrogen supply level of195 kg/ha, and with excessive moisture supply, the maximum yield of 4.04 t/ha is achieved at a nitrogen supply level of 175 kg/ha.

The terminal sections of chromosomes, where ribosomal RNAs entering the cytoplasm and participating in the formation of ribosomes are synthesized, are considered to be a criterion of cell activity for protein synthesis. These chromosome regions are detected by silver nitrate and are called zones or regions of the nucleolar organizers (AgNORs). Morphometric analysis of the nucleolar organizer regions allows evaluating the protein-synthetic function of cells, reflecting the degree of their differentiation and proliferation, and can also be used to assess the duration of a cell cycle. Using the silver nitrate impregnation technique, the authors studied the activity parameters of the nucleolar organizer regions and, based on them, evaluated the protein-synthetic function of turkey kidney podocytes in postnatal ontogenesis. The object of the study was 60 clinically healthy males and females of the North Caucasian white breed, aged 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, and 6 months. It has been established that the number of regions of the nucleolar organizers in the nuclei of turkey kidney glomerular podocytes ranges from 1 to 4, with the largest number being recorded at the age of three to five months of life, and at the age of one, two, and six months they are fewer. The area of the nucleolar organizer region in the nuclei of turkey podocytes, and, consequently, the synthesis of ribosomal RNA, is wave-like and depends on the gender, age, and kidney location, however, lower values of this indicator are recorded in the period from the first to the second month of life.

The paper presents study results of the microbial community associated with leaf vegetable products during its transportation and short-term storage. The authors have determined the number and composition of microorganisms that live on the surface (epiphytes) and inside (endophytes) of parsley and dill leaf tissue after three- and six-fold unloading of the product and its subsequent storage for 3 days at a temperature of + 4°C. It has been revealed that the number of microorganisms and the structure of the microbial complex vary depending on the type of leaf vegetables. An increase in the number of microorganisms was noted after a six-fold unloading of products and storage. B acteriproved to be the dominant group of microorganisms in all periods of observation. The PCR method revealed that the dominant epiphytic strain of dill is Acinetobacter oleivorans, that ofparsley - Pseudomonas poae. The detected bacteria are representatives of the Pseudomonodales order of the Gammaproteobacteria class and refer to the aerobic food spoilage microbiota, which multiply well below +10°C. In this regard, manufacturers of green products are recommended to store and transport it at a temperature of 0-0.5°C in a package with a modified gas medium with a CO₂ content of not less than 10%, in order to maintain high quality and reduce product losses.

The authors conducted studies on broiler chickens, cows, pigs, sheep of various crosses and breeds, in order to identify the species and breed characteristics of the functioning of blood ATPases (erythrocyte membrane of blood) and ATPases of products (membrane of fat globules of milk, membrane of structural components of muscle tissue. The results obtained have shown that the species identity of livestock has a significant (P < 0.001) effect on the activity of Mg²+, Na+, K+ -, Mg²+ - and Na+, K+ -ATPases of the erythrocyte membrane and structural components of the livestock products. The two-factor (the livestock species and breed) the analysis of variance carried out by the authors has proved with a high degree of reliability (P < 0.01) the effect on the ATPase activity of the erythrocyte membrane, membrane components of milk fat globules and muscle tissue of livestock species; moreover, the highest coefficients of determination are characteristic of the ATPase activity of the erythrocyte membrane, the smallest for the activity of ATPase tissue. The results of the analysis have shown that the activity of the Mg²+, Na+, K+ -, Mg²+ - andNa+, K+ -ATPases of the erythrocyte membrane is determined by the livestock species with a high degree of confidence (P < 0.01), respectively, at 89.2; 85.7 and 90.6%; the membrane components of the fat globules in milk is 79.5; 72.3 and 81.6%; membrane components of muscle cells - by 53.4; 50.1 and 61.3%. The significant (P < 0.05) effect of the livestock breed (cross) identity has been established only in the case of ATPase activity of the erythrocyte membrane; No significant combined effect of the livestock species and breed identity on the activity ofMg²+, Na+, K+ -, Mg²+ - and Na+, K+ -ATPases has been detected.