The studies were carried out at LLC Ruch’evskoe-1, Rzhevsky district, Tver region in 2012…2018 during development of low-yielding, previously reclaimed lands that were retired from circulation. The total area of arable land is 5297 hectares, the soils are sod-podzolic, light loamy in terms of particle size distribution. The effect of the systematic application of high doses of organic fertilizers from pig-breeding complexes in the form of solid fraction of manure (60…80 t/ha) and liquid waste (100…120 m3/ha) on the dynamics of the content of copper, zinc, boron and manganese in the arable layer has been studied. It was found that during the six-year observation period on soils with a leaching type of water regime, the average weighted copper content had only positive tendency to increase as the increment to the initial value was 0.1 mg per a kilogram of soil (0.1 mg/kg), which was within the experimental error and amounted to 1.7 mg/kg at the optimal value for the region 2.45 mg/kg. A similar situation is typical in the study of the dynamics of zinc, the average weighted content of which reached 0.9 mg/kg, which is significantly lower than the optimal level of 3.55 mg/kg. Consequently, with the deacidification of fallow lands from the introduction of alkaline organic fertilizers, a significant increase in the available forms of copper and zinc was not noted, which requires additional introduction of microelements to eliminate their deficiency.

At the same time, the systematic application of high doses of organic fertilizers significantly improved the provision of low-yielding lands with boron and manganese, the content of which in the arable layer approached the optimal value and at the end of observations amounted to 0.50 and 44.8 mg/kg, respectively, with an optimal level of 0.52 and 50.5 mg/kg.

Minimum tillage is an integral element of resource-saving technologies, which, along with fertilizers and plant protection products, forms the conditions for the sustainable functioning of the entire agroecosystem. This paper presents data for 2015–2018, obtained during a multi-year three-factor experiment in the sowings of spring grain crops (2015, 2017) and oat-vetch mixtures (2016, 2018). The experience included four gradations of the tillage system: moldboard plowing (MP), surface tillage with deep loosening (STDL), surface-ploughing tillage (SPT) and surface tillage (ST); six gradations for fertilizer systems: no fertilizer (F0), N30 (N), straw (St), straw + N30 (StN), straw + NPK (StNPK) and NPK (NPK); two herbicide grades: without herbicides (H0) and with herbicides (H). Application of surface tillage (SP) led to acidification of the top layer by 0.08 (NSR05=0.05) units when growing spring grain crops (2015, 2017). SP increased mobile phosphorus content by 16.5 mg/kg (LSD05=11.9) in the 10–20 cm layer when cultivatihg annual grasses (2016, 2018). Application of STDL, SPT and ST increased the content of exchangeable potassium by 15.7–18.9 mg/kg (LSD05=11.5) in the 0–10 cm layer. SPT led to an increased yield compared to the MP. STDL decreased the yield of oat-vetch mixtures in 2018 by 30.8 cwt/ha (LSD05= 25.2). The introduction of NPK and StNPK contributed to the greatest increase in the content of organic matter, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and the yield of spring grain crops and oat-vetch mixtures. The use of the herbicide in barley crops was accompanied by an increase in crop yield by 2.53 cwt/ha (LSD05=1.11).

Winter wheat in pure fallow is in great need of phosphorus fertilizers on light gray earth soils. The content of N, P and K in leaves in the heading phase and the ratio of N: P and N: K correctly reflects its nutrient requirements. The optimal doses for the yields do not ensure that the grain is of high quality.

Horticulture is a branch of agriculture. Its main task is to obtain biologically valuable high-quality produce. At present, intensive and super-intensive horticulture is a promising trend that can significantly increase yields and reduce production costs at a high planting density of fruit trees. Research in the field of nursery growing is of great importance in the intensification of horticulture, since the laying of intensive fruit orchards is carried out only with high-quality, leveled planting material on clonal rootstocks.

The climate for growing gardens in the Russian Federation is different and specific, but in the Udmurt Republic in recent decades, agrometeorological conditions have become more favorable for growing many fruit crops. Unfortunately, there are no large nurseries in the region, so it is necessary to lay out new, improved mother plantations. On their basis, it is possible to grow certified planting material that meets all modern requirements.

Experiments in studying the effect of cutting terms on rooting, growth, and development of the clonal rootstock of the apple tree 54–118 took place in 2020–2021 in the department of introduction and acclimatization of the Udmurt Federal Research Center of the UB RAS. It was revealed that the vegetative propagation of the clonal rootstock of the apple tree, carried out from the beginning to the middle of June, on average, gives at least 60% of rooted cuttings. Rooting is reduced to 28–12% when cuttings are taken at a later date. The best biometric indicators of rootstocks were also obtained during the first period of cutting.

The most important factor affecting the morphometric parameters of seeds is the agrotechnical one, including fertilization, irrigation, pollination, and pest, disease and weed control. Timely harvesting is particularly important to prevent the most mature seeds from shattering, whereas premature harvesting increases the proportion of immature seeds with an underdeveloped germ. Mechanized harvesting, threshing and sorting technology can lead to seed injury, including germ damage. Therefore, the aim of the present work was a comprehensive analysis of the morphometric parameters of wild carrot seeds. The aim of the study was to investigate the degree of variability in the linear size of seed, endosperm and germ, their ratios (indices) and correlations. As a result of studies, a group of samples of wild carrot forms revealed significant differences in the degree of manifestation of the main morphometric parameters of seeds, including seed length, endosperm and germ. Samples No. 22 are of the greatest interest by three parameters. Daucus muricatus (L.) L. (Morocco), No. 20. Daucus setifolius Desf. (Morocco), No. 24. Daucus setifolius Desf. (Morocco), which consistently exceeded the control level by a combination of all three parameters. The correlation coefficients between these parameters have been studied, which indicate the possibility of considering them as breeding significant traits. Using the methodology of gradation and comparative analysis of the IG/E index (the size of the germ relative to the endosperm), groups of varieties were identified according to this parameter. The maximum value of the IG/E index was noted in sample No. 2. Daucus carota L. (0.431) and the standard (0.414), which are classified as class 5 according to this parameter. Sample No. 22. Daucus muricatus (L.) L. having the largest germ in physical terms (1.87±0.049), was clearly inferior in relative size (I/E = 0.351) to the standard by 12.9%. The relative size of the endosperm is a more preferable parameter for comparison and selection.

The aim of our research was to study the effect of modern highly effective herbicides on weeds and corn plants. One of the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of herbicides is the manifestation phytotoxicity signs of on corn. Phytotoxicity reduces corn grain yield, and plant death may occur if significant damage occurs. The resistance of corn plants to herbicides is determined by the genetic characteristics of hybrids and self-pollinated lines, and depends on external factors, in particular, on air temperature during the chemical treatment of crops. Studies on phytotoxicity of herbicides were conducted for several years in the experimental field of the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn, which is located in the zone of sufficient moisture in Stavropol Territory, at an altitude of 541 m above sea level, 44°N, 43°E. Phytotoxicity of herbicide Cordus Plus, VDG, was studied in 2017–2018, a tank mixture of herbicides Dublon Super, VDG + Aegis, SC in 2017–2019, herbicide Kreutzer, VDG – in 2018–2021. To study phytotoxicity of herbicides, the same set of hybrids and self-pollinated corn lines of different ripeness groups was sown in each year of research. In the prevailing favorable weather conditions in 2017–2018, the herbicide Cordus Plus destroyed most of the wees phytocenosis and did not cause phytotoxicity in the studied corn samples, except for the sensitive single cross hybrid Alpha M. Application of the tank mixture Dublon Super + Egida in 2017–2018 had no phytotoxic effect on hybrids and parental forms of corn plants. In 2019, under severe drought conditions, phytotoxicity of these herbicides was observed in most of the studied samples. The response of hybrids and self-pollinated lines to the application of Kreutzer herbicide over the years of research was different over the years of research. Even in the absence of drought, the herbicide effected harshly on some corn hybrids and lines and caused significant damage to the plants.

It is known that the seasonality of reproductive function is much more pronounced in mares than in stallions. The mare goes through an anestrus period in autumn and winter, while spermatogenesis in stallions continues throughout the year. Therefore, studies of cryoresistance of stallion sperm in different months of the year are relevant. The aim of the study was to study the cryoresistance of stallion sperm in different months of the year when creating cryopreservation of genetic material with intensive breeding use of sires. The cryoresistance of the sperm of stallions with their intensive breeding use was the best from September to December during sexual rest. The highest incidence of sperm was in December, which is 0.44% more than in October, 5.12% more than in November, 7.62% more (P<0.05) than in September, 20.53% more (P<0.01) than in January, 27.3% more (P<0.01) compared to February, 52.7% more (P<0.001) than in March, 137.9% more (P<0.05) than in April, 34.12% more (P<0.001) than in May, 23.5% more (P<0.001) than in June and 59.7% more (P<0.001) than in July. The survivability of sperms after thawing in a thermostat at 37°C for less than 3 hours was observed in March, April and July. The lowest sperm motility after defrosting was observed in April, which is 36.4% less (P<0.001) than in July, 38.6% less (P<0.001) than in May, 45.12% less (P<0.001) than in June, 50.1% less (P<0.001) than in in January, 52.6% less (P<0.001) than in February, 43.75% less (P<0.001) than in March, 53.8% less (P<0.001) than in September, 55% less (P<0.001) than in October, 54.4% less (P<0.001) than in November and 54.1% less (P<0.001) than in December. Based on the data obtained on the mobility of deconserved sperm doses, we mat expect the highest fertility from the genetic material that is harvested from September to December.

The paper presents the results of the study on the effectiveness of the treatment of sows with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome. It is a pathology of the early postpartum period that causes serious economic damage to the industrial pig industry. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of Ceftonit® Forte when used alone and together with Flunex in sows with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in comparison with the control group, which was treated according to the regimen adopted in the farm. The work was performed at the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev (RGAU-MSHA named after K.A. Timiryazev), FSBI “Central Scientific and Methodological Veterinary Laboratory”, as well as in OOO SEC Mashkino. The material for the study was 45 sick sows of Yorkshire, Landrace and Duroc breeds or their hybrids, which were diagnosed with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome. According to the principle of analogues (by age, parity, fecundity, etc.), the animals were divided into three experimental groups. The results of bacteriological studies with sensitivity determination of isolated pure cultures of the microorganism to antibacterial drugs served as the basis for prescribing experimental sows of the first and second groups as the drug of choice of cephalosporin antibiotic of the 3rd generation – Ceftonit® Forte. The best results in terms of the frequency and terms of recovery were obtained when Ceftonit® Forte, a cephalosporin antibiotic with established sensitivity to all identified pathogens of postpartum infection (endometritis, mastitis), alone or together with Flunex was prescribed to sick sows, the worst – in animals of the control group treated in mono mode drug based on amoxicillin trihydrate. In terms of the proportion of recovered animals, the effectiveness of SPD therapy when using Ceftonit® Forte alone or in combination with the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug Flunex was 100%.

The work is devoted to the study of the dynamics of the hormonal status of young cattle depending on the housing system. In this regard, the functional activity of the endocrine glands was studied: the adrenal cortex, pancreas, thyroid and genital glands. The content of cortisol, insulin, testosterone, thyroxine in the blood serum was determined during the periods: immediately after birth, at the daily age, after reaching 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 18 months. It was found that the cortisol content in the blood of newborn calves (148.6–152.7 nmol/l) was the maximum. By the end of the first day, the level of this hormone decreased by an average of 7.07–17.62%. By 18 months, the cortisol content was in the range of 32.3–39.3 nmol/l. The bulls of the control group were more susceptible to the effect of adverse environmental factors. The highest level of thyroxine (169.2–173.4 nmol/l) was at birth. In subsequent periods, the thyroxine content decreased. Activation of the thyroid gland was noted at the age of 8 and 12 months. This is due to the period of puberty. The maximum values of insulin concentration in the blood were noted in daily bulls (1.28–1.83 mmol/l). Thus, in the control group, the insulin level increased by 38.64% compared to the data at birth, in groups 2 and 3, respectively, by 31.49 and 22.48%. At the age of one month, the level of pancreatic hormone, compared with baseline data, increased by an average of 3.87–5.30%, at the age of two months – by 2.27–8.66%. In subsequent age periods, the concentration of this hormone changed slightly. Relatively low testosterone levels were recorded in the first six months (0.47–1.32 nmol/l). At the age of 6, 8 and 12 months, the testosterone content increased to 2.97–3.34, 3.78–4.29 and 9.84–12.15 nmol/l, respectively. The highest testosterone content was found at the age of 18 months (13.24–15.48 nmol/l).

Increasing the production of mutton and goat meat is essential for the food security of the Russian Federation, therefore, studies on early mating of animals are relevant, since early mating allows more offspring to be produced at an earlier date. The aim of the study was to compare the reproductive qualities, growth and development characteristics of goatlings when they are mated at 7 months of age and at 18 months of age. It was found that an experimental group of two-years-old goatlings outperformed the controlled group of one-year-old ones in all the measurements, but significant differences were found in the oblique body length and chest width. Goatlings at two years of age compared to those at one year of age had a more compact and massive body with a broader chest. In the group of goatlings of 30 heads (n=30) born at seven months of age, 27 or 90% live kid goats were born. At the same time, the average live weight of goats at birth hatched at 18 months and 7 months differed insignificantly. Thus, early mating does not negatively effect on their growth and development, and allows additionally getting 90 kid goats per 100 goatlings.

One of the areas of public administration is a targeted and efficient use of budgetary funds allocated to support the population, businesses and infrastructure of the territories. It requires constant updating of the characteristics of the object of managerial influence and receiving feedback. Without accurate identification of the target management object, knowledge of its properties, as well as development trends, high-quality management is impossible. Currently, Russia is implementing state programs for the development of rural areas and the development of agriculture (“Comprehensive development of rural areas”, “Development of agriculture and regulation of markets in agricultural products, raw materials and foodstuffs”). In scientific works, the role of small business in economic development, in rural development as well as in ensuring food security is universally recognized. However, management bodies, business analysts, researchers do not have information about how small and medium-sized enterprises (SME)s are developing in rural areas of Russia. This work is one of the first to raise issues of identification of SMEs in rural areas. Based on the developed methodology, rural SMEs were identified from available open sources by category, their characteristics were given in terms of the dynamics of the number, density of businesses, sectoral and regional structure, and their support in the form of subsidies and grants was analyzed. State support failed to stabilize their number, which decreased from 2019 to 2021. Agriculture is not a leader in the sectoral structure of SMEs (in terms of the number of businesses), occupying a significant third place after trade and transport. However, it is this industry that accounts for the main support. The total share of trade, transport, agriculture in all regions is at least 40% of the total number of rural SMEs. Thus, support for these industries will have a beneficial effect on the development of most small businesses in rural areas.

The implementation of the National Security Strategy imposes special requirements on the agricultural sector of the economy as the basis for ensuring the country’s food security. A comprehensive solution to the tasks set out in the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food markets is impossible without modernizing the drivers of development of sectoral economic growth. Under the conditions of sanctions and a pandemic, the Russian agricultural sector of the economy maintains positive growth dynamics, investment attractiveness, and the role of labor efficiency increases. The development of agribusiness, the growth of expenses for organizing a business, the slowdown in production by households require appropriate regulatory and support measures; investments in the agricultural sector of the economy should be targeted.

Problem Statement. Modern conditions for ensuring food security have changed the drivers of economic growth in the agricultural sector of Russia.

Results. The interaction and interdependence of the drivers of the development of the agricultural sector considered in the paper will make it possible to realize the directions of economic growth in Russia.

Conclusions. Drivers of economic growth in the agricultural sector of Russia in 2022–2023 are creation of new jobs, human development, labor productivity growth, creation of comfortable working conditions, high-level processing, reducing output of low value-added products, digitalization.

Fisheries play an important role in the global food security and are considered the major source of foreign exchange for the foreign trade economies of many countries. The Covid-19 outbreak has caused disruptions in international trade, which has led to consequences related to the production, export of seafood in Vietnam in general and Da Nang in particular. The paper analyzes the seafood export situation of Da Nang City, one of the five cities directly managed by the Vietnamese central government, examining the opportunities and challenges of exporting the city’s fish products before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study results show that Da Nang’s seafood export activity in 2020 was significantly affected by the development of the Covid-19 epidemic, with the total seafood export turnover decreasing by 7.6 % compared to the same period of the previous year. While there are positive signs of recovery in the city’s seafood business in 2021, there are still risks of unsustainable growth. Based on the results of the analysis, proposals and policy decisions are substantiated to maintain growth rates and develop the city’s import and export activities in the post-Covid-19 period.

The article considers the current problems of development of the agri-food market in modern Russia. It reveals the factors that determine the change in the ratio of consumption, production and supply in this market during the crisis, downward phases of the thirty-year transformation cycle of the Russian agrarian economy, as well as during the upward recovery phases of this cycle. The reasons leading to a change in the ratio of food production to food imports – the main sources of food supply on the Russian market – are analysed. The changes in the price environment in the agri-food markets of Russia and the world as a result of changes in the balance between consumption and supply dynamics are shown. The study examines changes in the agricultural sector of the economy and the country’s agri-food market in the conditions of the pandemic and the intensification of geo-economic problems and challenges. It is conducted both on the scale of the entire agri-food market and the markets of the main foodstuffs. The first consequences of the sanctions war declared on Russia for the development of the food situation are analysed, and the anti-sanctions measures taken by the government are considered.

The effect of wetting agents on the decorative qualities of the lawn covering formed by the plants of the bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) of the ‘PLS’ variety mixture has been studied. The studies were carried out in a small-plot field experiment on sandy soil, in the conditions of the Moscow region. All research is aimed at studying the demand in the golf industry, which will help to understand the effectiveness and appropriateness of the use of investigational agents. Watering is an important operation necessary for the normal growth and development of perennial grasses growing on a well-drained sandy profile of golf courses. It is also quite costly. Currently, there are a huge number of different agents, technologies and tools for monitoring the condition and care of the grass standg.

According to the results of these studies, Revolution was the best wetting agent, with the lowest percentage of dry patches and optimum soil moisture throughout the entire study. According to the main indicators of decorativeness of the bentgrass, the highest scores on the NTEP scale were in the bentgrass stands with the use of Revolution in the volume of 20 l/ha: germination (6 / 6.6 / 5.6), color (6.6 / 7.6 / 6), uniformity (4.3 / 7 / 7.3) germination (6/6.6/5.6), colour (6.6/7.6/6), uniformity (4.3/7/7.3); with the use of Revolution in the volume of 10 l/ha – germination (5.6 / 6.6 / 5.6), color (6.6 / 7.6 / 6.6), uniformity (4.6 / 7.6 / 6).