Highly variable quality is characteristic of sugar beet seeds due to varying size-mass characteristics. There are many reasons for the occurrence of this phenomenon; they are genetic and biological features of culture, soil-climatic conditions, technologies and methods of seed production, etc. Determination of sugar beet seed quality by the traditional way of accelerated germination in laboratory conditions prevents the further study of plants’ development and productivity. In addition, the methods of pre-sowing preparation of sugar beet seeds are based on differences in their size and mass characteristics. They do not take into account the internal structure of the seeds. The use of the method of microfocus migratory radiography makes it possible to identify hidden seed defects quickly and establish the biological and economic significance of the anomalies of the embryo and other elements of the seed. The conducted studies on the definition of the satisfaction of the seeds showed that the number of normally developed seeds in the MS forms was 81.4-83.4%, in pollinators - 82.6-90.9%, non-sprouting seeds up to 9.5 and 17.4%, respectively. Seeds with a sign of more than 50% of the shell detachment formed weakened plants and small root vegetables during the cultivation. A similar picture was typical for the cultivation of plants from multi-grain seeds (clashes) of pollinators. High temperatures, mass deflection of root rot, and root wilt increased the number of retarded plants by the middle of the growing season.

Species and cultivars of the genus Allium L., family Alliaceae occupy a significant place is in the collection offloral and ornamental herbaceous perennials of the Stavropol Botanical Garden. The first supplies ofplants to the exhibition areas of the garden took place in 1962. Nowadays, 34 taxa grow in the collection of herbaceous perennials. Research work on the study of local species and introduced species has been carried out since 2010. In 2020, the results of an introduction experiment to study the seasonal rhythms of plant growth and development, their ecological growth conditions, biomorphological indicators, decorative qualities, and economically valuable features, resistance to adverse weather conditions, pests, and diseases were summed up. Analyzing the data obtained, the author identifies the most promising species and cultivars for the introduction on the territory of the Stavropol upland in the conditions of a sharply continental climate and the zone of unstable moisture. As a result of the final assessment of the adaptive features of bows and their decorative qualities, the following groups were identified: very promising - 21, promising - 7, and unpromising - 6. The research team suggests using highly decorative and decorative species, resistant to cultivation in Stavropol and other localities in the region, in practical floriculture. Low-promising and low-decorative ones are valuable species and cultivars used in medicine or consumed as food and rare and endangered species of the Russian Federation and neighboring countries. Plants of the genus Allium in the collection of the Stavropol Botanical Garden are a scientific base for holding regional environmental seminars for schoolchildren and students of higher educational institutions. Acquaintance with this group of plants is of great interest for landscape design specialists and amateur flower growers.

The article presents data on the effect of complex chelating agents Chelaton Extra and Chelate Zn on the oilseed flax variety Severny when grown at the field station of Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The study found that the agent Chelaton Extra increased the fiber yield better, and the agent Zn Chelate increased the seed yield by 0.7-1 c/ha and 2.4-2.5 c/ha, respectively. The agent Chelate Zn, relative to Chelaton Extra, increased proteins in seeds by 2.9-4%, lipids by 3.6-4.2%. The use of complex chelating agents increased the oil yield and the amount of unsaturated fatty acids. The essential α-linolenic (Omega 3) acid increased in the oil of the variant with Zn Chelate up to 62.2% relative to the control (55.5%). The microstructure of the shell of oil flax seeds in all variants of the experiments was smooth, without disturbances and damages. The seed nucleus has a distinct porous structure; no differences were found in the variants. Chelate Zn more affected the seed productivity and nutritional value of flaxseeds and flaxseed oil, and Helaton Extra more affected fiber yield. The authors found that the Zn Chelate agent influenced seeds ’ chemical composition, promoting an increase in potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and phosphor by 1.5-5%.

Numerous studies have proved the necessity of egg yolk in synthetic media to dilute semen before its cryopreservation. However, at the same time, it has been demonstrated that its use can adversely affect the quality of frozen-thawed sperm. The present study compares the main quality parameters of ram sperm frozen using TRIS-based diluent with egg yolk and two egg yolk-free diluents (OvixCell® and AndroMed®). A slower deterioration in the kinematic performance of sperm cryopreserved in TRIS diluent with native egg yolk confirmed higher cryoprotective performance compared to commercial extenders containing no egg yolk. Significantly higher total and progressive motility was observed in TRIS-based medium with egg yolk (P<0.05). This advantage was maintained after four hours of incubation and became more significant at the end of cultivation (after six hours) (P<0.01). Thus, ram sperm frozen in egg yolk medium retained better motility than in egg yolk-free extenders, which allows predicting its higher bioavailability. Assessment of some semen parameters using CASA showed that there were no significant differences in motility between the three extenders immediately after thawing the straws. When assessed two hours after thawing, a diluent containing egg yolk (TRIS-based) was found to have higher results for some of the examined traits than phospholipid diluents.

The authors conducted studies on the effect of the estrogen receptor (ESR), prolactin receptor (PRLR), and ryanodine receptor (RYR-1) genotypes on the breeding value of sows. Using the BLUP method, they evaluated the indicators of the large white, landrace, and Duroc breeds to develop a regional hybridization system in the pig industry of the Belgorod region. The research determined a significant influence of the “desirable” BB and AB genotypes of the ESR gene in large white sows and the “desirable” BB genotype of the RPLR gene in Landrace and Duroc sows on the maternal BLUP index.

The article examines the effect of time and storage conditions on the fatty acid composition and the triglyceride composition of milk fat. For this purpose, samples of the fat phase of a commercial oil sample were stored in a refrigerating chamber at a temperature of 3 ± 2°C and at an elevated temperature of 60 ± 0.1°C to create conditions for accelerated aging. Also, to determine the induction period and assess the depth and speed of the process of fatty phase oxidation, the “peroxide number” indicator was measured. The study found out that during storage both in a refrigerating chamber and in conditions of elevated temperature, fatty acids of the composition С4:0, С 18:0, С 18:1 and С 18:2 were subject to the most significant changes. Under the same conditions, the triglyceride composition changes uniformly, indicating the occurrence of oxidative deterioration of lipids. The research found that changes in the fatty acid composition and the composition of triglycerides correlate with the indicator of oxidative processes - “peroxide value.” The data obtained can be used to build model systems to study the rate of oxidation of dairy products ’fat phase and assess its storage capacity.

The study of various management concepts at the present stage of economic development contributes to improving the efficiency of activities in various areas through intensive development. As a result, in each economic entity, the issue of applying not only advanced production technologies but also management approaches becomes relevant. At the moment, a significant number of management concepts have been developed and actively used. Still, project management can be considered the universal one, as it helps implement the set goals in conditions of resource constraints. The degree of effectiveness of the project approach to management is largely determined by the ability of an economic entity’s accounting and analytical system to form the necessary information base. Scientific and practical interest is a study aimed at creating elements of the information field for making effective management decisions in the context of the project approach to management, which is the purpose of the work. The result should be considered a set of distinctive features ofproject management in setting and maintaining management accounting in an economic entity.

The article assesses the forms, mechanism, level, and dynamics of subsidizing fertilizers, using indicators and criteria to evaluate the results of the national implementation of the subsidizing policy. The work considers the efficiency of subsidies for the use of fertilizers, develops scientifically grounded recommendations for improving the system of subsidizing agriculture in Kazakhstan. The environmental component in agricultural subsidies should also be given immediate attention since the ecological situation in rural areas depends on it. In Kazakhstan, degradation of arable land occurs under the influence of mineral starvation and the unsystematic use offertil-izers. The current fertilizer subsidy mechanism does not encourage sustainable land use. The calculations using the developed formula show a low level of environmental and economic efficiency of subsidizing fertilizers in agriculture in Kazakhstan. In the republic, this level for grain was equal to 0.74. Based on the example of the research, the author shows that subsidies can be an effective means of soil conservation and a means of motivation for the use of environmentally efficient farming methods. For this purpose, the paper proposes re-orient subsidies in favor of farmers introducing differentiated fertilization methods.

The article presents data on the assessment of some issues of the ontogenesis of the bird cherry-oat aphid: the average life expectancy, the number of offspring over a lifetime, the beginning of the reproductive period, the end of the reproductive period, the duration of the reproductive period, the life span of aphids and the number of offspring. The author found that the average life expectancy of animals was 21.55 days. The beginning of the reproductive period, on average, was on days 7-8, the end -on day 19. The average duration of the reproductive period was 12.5 days. The average number of offspring over the entire life for individuals in the sample was 34 nymphs, in a separate litter - 2-3 nymphs.

The article is devoted to an important period in the history of agricultural engineering education at Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy - the 120-year history of the Agricultural Machinery Department of the Institute of Mechanical and Power Engineering named after V.P. Goryachkin. The authors distinguish six stages of the Department’s development - from its origin in the depths of the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy, the Department’s establishment at the Moscow Agricultural Institute in 1901, and its development in the 20^th-21^st centuries. Particular attention focuses on the contribution of the founder and longterm head of the Department, academician VP. Goryachkin - his developing agricultural mechanics and establishing an agricultural engineering school in our country.