In view of the important role of microelements in the physiological and biochemical processes in plants, the study of new types of microfertilizers is of undoubted interest, both in theoretical and practical terms. The possibility of using microelement complexes together with chemical and biological plant protection products makes it possible to combine the terms of their use and increase the biological effectiveness of preparations. At the same time, the effectiveness of microfertilizers largely depends on the degree of soil cultivation, which served as the basis for this research. The paper presents the results of the use of microfertilizers in combination with mineral fertilizers for winter wheat of the Moskovskaya 56 variety and spring barley of the NUR variety, obtained in two long-term field experiments on soddy-podzolic heavy loamy soil of the Moscow Region. The use of the microelement complex “Microel” against the background of an organo-mineral fertilizer system on well-cultivated soddy-podzolic soil increased the yield of winter wheat by 8%, spring barley – by 9%, and the use of microfertilizer “Aquamix-t” – by 21% and 13% respectively. The introduction of zinc microfertilizers on poorly cultivated soil against the background of liming at pHKCl 5.4 contributed to an increase in the yield of winter wheat by 10%, spring barley – by 12% with a yield against the background of NPK of 5.90 t/ha and 4.42 t/ha, respectively. With the complex use of macro- and microfertilizers, grain quality indicators significantly increase: the content of protein, crude gluten, and the weight of 1000 grains.

The article presents the results of the computational method for determining the potential danger of water erosion and quantitative agrophysical and agrochemical indicators obtained by traditional methods of their direct measurement. When calculating losses as a result of water erosion in agro-sodpodzolic loamy weak eroded soil, the universal soil loss equation of Wischmeier and Smith (1965) was used, the variables in which are the erosive power of precipitation, erosiveness of soil, length and steepness of slope, character of vegetative ground cover and influence of erosion control soil protection measures. The obtained values of soil losses from 1,8 to 12,1 t/ha a year are confirmed by the change of soil organic matter content during the rotation of six-course grain-grass-fallow crop rotation from 2,48 to 1,65% according to I.V. Tyurin depending on agrochemical background as well as soil density 1,31–1,60 g/cm3, its structural state and content of microaggregates unstable to water erosion from 7,3 to 14,6%. The dependence of the selected informative signs on the system of main tillage of agrosod- podzolic loamy soil has been determined. Сlose correlations between the content of microaggregates and soil density (r = – 0,49) and the content of organic matter related to it (r = – 0,74) were established. The analysis of variance allowed to trace the influence of the main tillage system on the accumulation and distribution of in the arable horizon at different levels of the fertility of the agro-sod-podzolic loamy soil. The more intensive development of erosion processes at the annual plowing was revealed.

The research is devoted to a comprehensive study of blueberry angustifolia, which is a promising berry shrub for cultivation in the Middle Urals. The aim of the work was an integral assessment of the prospects for introduction and the yield of blueberry when cultivated in the Middle Cis-Urals. The studies were carried out using widely accepted methods. Morphometric characteristics of plants in 2020: plant height – 40.6±3.2 cm, crown diameter – 59.4±3.3 cm, average productivity – 854.7±60.1 g, average berry weight – 0.97 ± 0.10 g. Under the conditions of Udmurtia, blueberries showed stable growth with minimal damage to annual shoots and fruit buds in winter. At prolonged low negative temperatures in December in the absence of snow cover, the highest degree of freezing in individual plants was 2 points (weak freezing). According to a long-term assessment of winter hardiness in the field conditions of Udmurtia, blueberries can be classified as winter-hardy. An integral assessment of blueberry angustifolia made it possible to attribute this crop to the group of prospects II – promising).

A comprehensive assessment and selection of the most valuable taxa suitable for use in landscaping under certain natural and climatic conditions is one of the most important tasks of introduction studies of ornamental plants. The article presents the results of a comprehensive variety assessment, a study of the seasonal rhythm of growth and development, and morphometric characteristics of 20 hybrid daylily varieties (Hemerocallis hybrida hort.) in the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of UFRC RAS. An assessment of the decorative and economically valuable qualities of daylily varieties was given on a 100-point scale, including 11 traits: color, size and shape of a flower, plant habitus, height of the flower stalk, abundance of flowering, originality, reproductive ability, duration of flowering, sustainability in unfavorable conditions, resistance to diseases and pests. As a result of our variety assessment of Hemerocallis hybrida hort., the entire studied assortment was divided into 3 groups according to the prospects for use in decorative floriculture. 8 highly promising varieties (‘Bela Lugosi’, ‘Bestseller’, ‘El Desperado’, ‘Ledgewoods Jumstar’, ‘Moon Over Monteray’, ‘Pardon Me’, ‘Red Rum’, ‘Stella de Oro’) have been identified for cultivation under conditions of Bashkortostan Republic. They are distinguished by their bright color and original flower shape, abundant and long flowering, strong peduncle, and high reproductive capacity. Nine varieties are characterized by medium prospects (‘Artic Snow’, ‘Cherry Eyed Pumpkin’, ‘Final Touch’, ‘Frans Hals’, ‘Macbeth’, ‘Mini Stella’, ‘Pandoras Box’, ‘Sea of Cortez’, ‘Tooth’); 3 − are unpromising (‘Night Embers’, ‘Prince of Lemon’, ‘Strawberry Candy’). All studied varieties can be used in various types of flower decoration under the conditions of the Bashkir Cis-Urals.

The introduction of ornamental plants of natural flora to enrich regional assortments for an urbanized environment is a current research area. The results of the long-term testing of 40 perennials attracted from the natural habitats of Altai to Novosibirsk have been summed up. The features of the phenological development of species are revealed. Seasonal rhythms are stable, there are 3 long-vegetating phenorhythmotypes and 5 groups according to the timing of flowering start. Most Altai species are characterized by a spring-summer green phenorhythmotype (50%), resume vegetation early (the third decade of April) and finish it late (late September–mid-October), bloom in the late spring or early summer (27.5% and 32.5%, respectively). The duration of the prefloral period as an indicator of the intensity of perennial development increases from 8–18 days for earlyflowering species to 79–99 days for late-flowering ones. As a rule, a high variability of phenophases timing and interphase periods has been shown, except for the duration of vegetation (6.5% on average), indicating an active adaptation of species to local conditions. Among the tested species, 4 don’t fruit and 22 grow weakly. According to reproductive capacity and sustainability, 2 species were evaluated as unpromising, 22 are suitable for cultivation in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia on an average agrophone, and 16 of them can grow under specific microclimatic conditions and maintenance practices. In general, mesopsychrophytes from the high-mountain zone, as well as some xeropetrophytes, are less sustainable ang durable from Altai species: the former are sensitive to elevated temperatures and dryness in summer, the latter suffer from deep snow cover in Novosibirsk.

The purpose of real researches was to identify the possibility of increasing the mass of fruits in the hybrid progeny of primocane raspberry and to establish the best parental pairs. The work was carried out in the natural and climatic conditions of the Bryansk region in 2017–2021, 13 cultivars and 7 selected raspberry forms of primocane type, 10 hybrid combinations of crossing with a total number of seedlings 658 pieces were included in the research. The experimental plants were placed according to the scheme 3.0 × 0.5 m, the normalization of stems in the bush and watering was not carried out. The evaluation of cultivars and selected forms, most often used in hybridization, revealed, that 75% of cultivar samples belonged to the group of large-fruited (3.5–5.0 g) and 25% – to very largefruited (>5.0 g). This indicates a high level of the trait in the modern assortment. The splitting of hybrids by berry mass even in the progeny of large-fruited primocane raspberry forms does not exclude the appearance of small-fruited seedlings, and low negative values of the degree of dominance (D = –2 and below) indicate a deep depression in the inheritance of the fruit mass in the progeny of large-fruited parents. However, the analysis of the hybrid progeny of large-fruited parental forms of primocane raspberry found that their breeding potential in increasing large-fruited has not been exhausted. In eight out of ten studied crossing combinations, 3.1 to 10.1% of transgressive seedlings with an average berry mass of 5.5–6.1 g were isolated. The combinations of parent pairs Podarok Kashinu × Atlant, 9–113–1 × Poklon Kazakovu, 9–113–1 × Podarok Kashinu, Poklon Kazakovu × Carame’lka, as well as populations from free pollination of forms 4–33–1 5–38–3, 3–164–1 are promising in obtaining very large-fruited selections.

The stage of introduction into sterile culture plays an important role in clonal micropropagation. The purpose of these studies was to find the optimal sterilizing agent at the stage of introducing blue honeysuckle, red raspberry, garden strawberry, steppe cherry, house plum into in vitro culture, as well as the optimal nutrient medium at this stage for blue honeysuckle and red raspberry. As sterilizing agents with optimal exposure, the following were used: 48% ethyl alcohol (control) 8–10 min., 33% perhydrol 6–8 min., 6% chlorhexidine 8–10 min., 0.1% sublimate 1–2 min., 10.0% Domestos 6–7 min., Amway pursue 10–12 min. Murashige-Skooga modified (NH4 content reduced at 15%) and Woody Plant Medium nutrient media were used to identify the optimal media for blue honeysuckle, and Anderson and Quorin-Leporrier media – for raspberries. All nutrient media had a half dose of macro- and microsalts. The control medium was traditional Murashige-Skooga. The results of the experiment showed that 33.0% perhydrol is the most effective sterilizing agent for processing the initial plant material of all horticultural crops when initiating explants in vitro, since it provided a significantly high yield of sterile apexes of 63.0% on average. A significantly high result was also obtained when using 6% chlorhexidine – 51.9% with 39.1% in control (48% ethyl alcohol). Treatment of plant material with 33.0% perhydrol ensured the absence of vitrified (glassy) explants in all studied cultures, as well as chlorotic explants in cherries and plums. Significantly better results of the survival rate of blue honeysuckle apexes were obtained on the nutrient medium Woody Plant Medium – 76.7%. Cultivation of raspberry apexes on the Kvorin-Leporie nutrient medium significantly increased their survival rate to 56.7% of red raspberry and 36.7% of remontant raspberry.

Bactericidal activity of copper-containing fungicide Ridomil Gold R (WDG) was tested in framework of potato black leg control. Three strains of bacteria causing potato black leg were employed in the trials: Dickeya chrysanthemi (DSM 4610, Germany), Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis (Russia, Omsk region), Pectobacterium wasabiae (Russia, Kemerovo reg.). The activity was estimated in vitro by counting colony number on PDA agar with 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 1.0% of the fungicide. According to the results, for all the tested bacteria Ridomil Gold R had LD100 = 0.2%. Additional test has been done by potato leafprint method, after spraying leaves by bacterial suspension. The leaves were imprinted on PDA agar with 1% fungicide. No viable bacteria were found after incubation.

The article is devoted to determining the feasibility and effectiveness of the use of adaptogens of plant and animal origin in the feeding of cattle. A scientific and economic experiment was carried out on bulls of the Kazakh white-headed breed, in the diet of which they were introduced in the form of tinctures (at the rate of 0.01 ml of tincture per 1 kg of body weight) adaptogen levzeya (for animals of the II experimental group), drone homogenate (III experimental group) and pantocrine (experimental group IV), while the animals of group I were assigned to the control group and did not receive supplements. The effectiveness of the use of the tested components was determined according to the weight growth of bulls, the morphological and biochemical composition of blood, and the chemical composition of beef. The results of assessing the live weight of bulls by age periods indicate that young animals consuming a plant adaptogen exceeded control peers by 18 months of age by 18.60 kg (3.72%); animal origin – by 28.50 kg (5.71%; Р ≤ 0.05) and 21.00 kg (4.21%). In all animals participating in the experiment, the blood parameters were within the physiological norms, but with a slight increase towards the upper normative limits in the experimental samples. There is an improvement in the qualitative composition of the final livestock products. Thus, the indicator of the biological usefulness of beef was higher in samples taken from experimental animals by 0.18–0.36 units. (P ≤ 0.05). The greatest nutritional, biological and energy value was characterized by milk obtained from cows, in the diet of which drone homogenate was introduced. Thus, the results of comprehensive studies indicate the effectiveness of introducing adaptogens of both plant and animal nature into the diet, but the best effect was obtained from the use of drone homogenate.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the genotypic structure and population-genetic parameters of the West Siberian meat and Kulunda fine-wool breed of sheep by the CAST, GDF9 and KRT1.2 genes and blood groups. Molecularnogenetic and immunogenetic studies were carried out in the SRIAH (Siberian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry SFSCA RAS) biotechnology laboratory. PCR-RFLP analysis to determine genotypes was performed according to the described and approved methods on a C1000 “BioRad” amplifier; the results were visualized using an E-Box-CX5.TS-20.M gel documentation system. It was found that the frequency of genotypes and alleles of the CAST gene of West Siberian meat and Kulunda fine-wool breeds have no significant differences. In both breeds, CAST^MM was predominant, with a frequency of 69.0–75.0%, CAST^NN carriers being only 1.6–5.1%. The Kulunda fine-wool breed is characterized by a very high frequency of the GDF9^GG genotype 92.7%, which is higher than that of the West Siberian meat sheep by 26.3%. GDF9^AA genotype is extremely rare in breeds (0–5%). The GDF9^G allele in the compared breeds was found to range from 0.811–0.960 and the GDF9^A allele from 0.189–0.040. There are differences in the ratio of genotypes of the KRT1.2 gene in the compared breeds. In the Kulunda fine-wool breed, the vast majority of animals have homozygous genotype KRT1.2^MM (95.5%), whereas in the West Siberian meat breed such sheep constitute 32.8%. Consequently, the frequency of the KRT1.2^M allele is 0.565–0.978 and the KRT1.2N allele is 0.435–0.022. The genetic balance in the studied genes is not disturbed, χ2 = 0,033–1,025. The index of genetic similarity between breeds, calculated on the basis of the frequencies of genotypes and blood groups is 0.901 ± 0.028 and 0.833 ± 0.024. Population and genetic characteristics are practically identical in the compared breeds, except for gene homozygosity (C_a), which is higher in the Kulunda fine-wool sheep breed by 24.3% for the GDF9 gene and KRT1.2 by 29.1%, compared to the West Siberian meat sheep breed. The number of effective alleles is insignificant (1.04–1.46). The genetic variability (V) by individual genes in the breeds varies from 5.0 to 49.6%. The negative value of the F_is coefficient indicates the absence of inbreeding in sheep the studied breeds.

The article discusses the development of intensive horticulture, the functioning of the existing forms of management in the sub-sector and enterprises of the fruit processing industry of the Republic of Dagestan at the present stage. Regional statistical materials for the period 2015–2021 were used as initial data. The purpose of the article is to reveal the possibilities of restoration and effective functioning of the fruit subcomplex through organizational transformations in the region. The relevance of this research lies in the development of a modern model of the functioning of agricultural and fruit processing enterprises. It is shown that the solution of this problem affects a wide range of urgent tasks of economic agrarian science, including issues of technical and technological renewal, innovative development, cooperation and agro-industrial integration, state support. The results of the study show that the structure of fruit and berry production in the region has not changed, personal subsidiary farms of the population still occupy the leading position (88%). During the above–mentioned analyzed period, there is a tendency to increase the share of agricultural enterprises from 4.4 to 8% and peasant (farm) farms – from 1.1 to 4%. The sociological survey showed a positive attitude of agricultural producers to the process of cooperation in the republic, but at the same time their unwillingness to unite in any direction was revealed. The article proposes an economic and organizational approach to the creation of a corporation in the region, which includes agricultural producers, a fruit processing complex, trade, commodity infrastructure, agricultural service, financial, scientific units. The implementation of the proposed model of the corporation, it seems, will increase the competitiveness of all participants, and will also contribute to solving key socio-economic problems of rural areas of the republic. The materials of this study will be useful for drawing up programs for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the region.

Based on a systematic approach, the article examines the main macroeconomic global and national challenges in the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex that affect the sustainable development of the industry and the achievement of national development goals of the Russian Federation. It is shown that the identification of the main challenges facing the development of the domestic agro-industrial complex is the primary basis for developing goals for the strategic development of the agrarian sector. In the work, on the basis of a complex of sources, the main global challenges are identified: demographic growth and hunger; lack of resources within the framework of the existing AIC3.0 model; ethical restrictions and risks; growing threats of the spread of dangerous infectious diseases; natural and climatic changes; external geopolitical and sanctions pressure. National barriers are also identified: lagging behind developed countries in the process of transition to a new technological order; import dependence in the context of growing external restrictions and challenges for Russia; food waste and product losses at the storage, processing and logistics stages; value restrictions; socio-physiological factors. Responses to these challenges and limitations are the basis a new model of economic development of the Russian agro-industrial complex.

The article is devoted to the scientific schools of the Faculty of Economics, now the Institute of Economics and Management in Agribusiness of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. They have been developed during the 100-year period of the Faculty’s work in Timiryazev Academy. The research areas and periods of development of each school and their significant scientific research results are analyzed. Theoretical and applied research findings in the development of the agribusiness sector of the country within the framework of scientific schools are presented. It is found out that the effective work of a scientific school is possible only under the condition of effective work of the department which is the main link of the faculty.

The article is dedicated to the memory of the leading agrochemist-soil scientist of the second half of the 19th and early 20th century, Professor Peter Samsonovich Kossovich. The formation of an outstanding scientist as a researcher and teacher is shown. The contribution of P.S. Kossovich to the development of agrochemistry, soil science and agriculture is described. His research has established that leguminous plants fix nitrogen of the air with roots, not leaves. P.S. Kossovich proposed several classifications of soils, described the features of a number of soils, pointed out techniques for increasing their fertility. The article was written in connection with the 160th anniversary of P.S. Kossovich.