Genetic characteristics of cattle breeds in Western Siberia using STR markers

The use of microsatellite analysis for parentage verification has enabled the creation of an extensive information base of genetic markers for cattle, which can be successfully used to control breeding processes in breeds and individual herds. The aim of our research was to study the genetic diversity of seven breeds of dairy and beef cattle, their phylogenetic relationships, interbreed and intrabreed differentiation, genetic diversity, homo- and heterozygosity, inbreeding, and other populationgenetic parameters. Genotyping of animals was performed using the “GeneProfile Cattle” reagent kit, designed for genetic identification and kinship determination of cattle (Bos taurus) based on 16 microsatellite loci. The breed-specific nature of allele frequencies and certain differences are shown using the example of one locus, TGLA53. Alleles 174, 178, 182, 186, 188, and 190 are extremely rare or not found in all breeds; conversely, alleles 160, 162, and 172 occur from 28.8% to 44.4%. Thirteen private alleles were identified in the Holstein breed, one allele each in the Simmental and Hereford breeds, and two in the red-and-white breed. The number of alleles per locus in the Holstein breed is 12, red-and-white Holstein is 9.75, red steppe is 8.94, Hereford is 10.25, Galloway is 8.44, and Kazakh white-headed is 5.69. The number of effective alleles varies from 3.59 (Kazakh white-headed) to 4.66 (Holstein). The Shannon index ranges from 1.43 to 1.71. Fis has a negative value and varies from minus 0.02 to minus 0.12. The level of observed heterozygosity is comparable to the expected heterozygosity; no excess of heterozygotes or inbreeding was detected. Separate clusters are formed by the Hereford and Kazakh white-headed breeds, red-and-white Holstein and Holstein, and Galloway and Simmental breeds. The results obtained can be considered as a basis for comparison in subsequent generations, as well as in the evaluation of breeds from other regions.

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