Grain quality assessment of winter soft wheat collection samples at Moscow Agricultural Academy

The article presents the results of the study of winter wheat varieties in terms of grain quality. The study was conducted in 2022–2023 at the Field Experimental Station of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The common methods of laboratory research of physical, biochemical and baking qualities of grain were used. The meteorological conditions of the study years varied influencing the grain quality of winter wheat. In 2022, precipitation was relatively evenly distributed against the background of elevated air temperature. In 2023, dry periods were interspersed with excessively humid ones at moderate temperatures. In both years, precipitation during the ripening phase, contributed to the enzymatic depletion of grain, decreased its weight and vitreousness. As a result of the research, it was shown that all the studied winter wheat varieties are coarse-grained with thousand-kernel weight over 40 g. The maximum weight values were found in varieties Nemchinovskaya 85, Augusta, Timiryazevka 150, Kavalerka, Stan, Esaul, Biryuza, Korona, Aglika, Bolyarka, Goriza, Todora, Karat, Leonida, Doneko. All the varieties of the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka”, almost all of the selection of the National Center of Grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko, as well as Goriza, Todora, Karat, Leonida, and Dominanta are capable of forming grain with a grain weight above 740 g/l in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-chernozem zone. Zhiva, Step’, Stan and Karat are characterized by stability over the years. The varieties with high vitreous potential (above 60%) have been identified: Moskovskaya 39, Moskovskaya 40, Nemchinovskaya 85, Vanya, Kavalerka, Stan, Esaul, Bolyarka, Dominanta. Varieties Moskovskaya 40, Vanya, Esaul, Aglika are characterized by a stable accumulation of protein and gluten in the grain, regardless of the year. All the varieties of winter wheat are classified into the groups of valuable and highquality wheat. All of them are suitable for use in breeding for high baking qualities in the Central region of Non-chernozem zone of Russia. The index assessment of varieties on the complex of grain quality characteristics highlighted varieties Moskovskaya 40, Nemchinovskaya 85, Vanya, Stan, Esaul, Goriza. These varieties are recommended for breeding winter wheat for quality in the Central region of the Non-chernozem zone of Russia.

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