Aggressive Fusarium spp. isolates on vegetables in the Moscow Region: species composition and phytotoxicity

As a result of global warming, diseases caused by Fusarium spp. pathogens are becoming increasingly harmful to vegetable crops. An effective way to control these diseases is to breed resistant varieties and hybrids. It is of paramount importance to obtain local pathogen isolates and strains for breeding efforts. In a previous study, over 120 Fusarium isolates were obtained from vegetable crops in the Moscow Region and their pathogenicity and aggressiveness were studied. Among them, nine of the most aggressive isolates collected from infected plants of carrot, beet, pea, cabbage, cucumber, and tomato were selected. The aim of the study was to determine the species identification and characterize the toxicogenic properties of aggressive Fusarium isolates affecting vegetable crops. The Fusarium species were identified by a combination of morphological features and molecular genetic analysis. Toxicogenic properties were studied by germination of Tambovchanka radish seeds on filtrates of culture liquids of the studied isolates. As a result of the research, it is shown that all studied isolates belong to the Fusarium oxysporum species. In addition, Fusarium equiseti was found in three isolates, and both Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium poae were identified in four others. Thus, aggressive Fusarium isolates are predominantly represented by a mixture of Fusarium species. Aggressive Fusarium isolates were shown to differ significantly in phytotoxic activity. Both isolates represented by one species (No. 12, No. 54) and isolates represented by two species (No. 10, No. 16) had high phytotoxicity. Isolate No. 13, represented by a mixture of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium equiseti species, was characterized by low phytotoxicity. All isolates (No. 19, 26, 30 and 53) represented by the three Fusarium species showed moderate toxicity.

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