Study of resistance of grape shoots to low temperatures when treated with abscisic acid

The studies were conducted on the plots of the ampelographic collection of the Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking in 2023–2024. The aim of the research is to study the resistance of Dmitry grape shoots to low negative temperatures during the winter period when treated with abscisic acid (ABA) of various concentrations with the addition of magnesium sulfate. The plants were treated at the end of the growing season. Four treatment options were used: 1) 50 mM ABA + 42mM/l magnesium sulfate solution; 2) 100 mM ABA + 42mM/l magnesium sulfate solution; 3) 200 mM ABA + 42mM/l magnesium sulfate solution; 4) control – treatment with tap water. In January, during the period of maximum resistance to low temperatures, the treated shoots were artificially frozen in a CM-30/100–120 climate chamber at the temperatures of –15°C, –20°C, –25°C. Treatment with ABA at different concentrations increased the viability of the buds, but the maximum effect was obtained when using an ABA concentration of 200 mM + 42mM/l magnesium sulfate solution. This treatment increased the percentage of viable buds at –15°C by 16.1%; at –20°C by 32.8%; at –25°C by 75.3%, resulting in an increase in bud viability to 96.2–98.2%. It was found that the treatment increases the content of glycols, which act as cryoprotectors, and also reduces the vulnerability of cell membranes to damage, stabilizng them and reducing the release of potassium and calcium ions. The data obtained indicate the possibility of using ABA for autumn treatment of grapes to increase resistance to low negative temperatures in winter.

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