Development features and state assessment of Dianthus awaricus Khar. during introduction in mountainous Dagestan

The article presents the results of long-term monitoring (2018–2023) of Dianthus awaricus Khar. at the Tsudakhar experimental base of the Mountain Botanical Garden, Dagestan Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences. The study aimed to characterize the development and assess the state of this endemic species in mountainous Dagestan. The D. awaricus ontogenetic spectrum includes latent (seeds), pregenerative (seedlings, juvenile, immature, virginal) and generative (young, middle-aged, old) stages. Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences among D. awaricus samples in plant height and number of lateral vegetative shoots from May to August of the first growing season (2019). In the third year (2021), young generative individuals from the Tsudakhar sample exhibited the highest growth rates and maximum quantitative traits. The vegetation period extended from early March to late December. The flowering phase lasted over 80 days, with Agvali genotypes blooming three weeks later than Gunib and Tsudakhar. Fruiting covered three decades of August and September, as well as one decade of October 2021; the Tsudakhar and Gunib samples fruited synchronously from August 5–17, 2021 to September 10–28, 2021. These comprehensive studies of D. awaricus confirm the species’ potential for introduction and use in ornamental gardening, including the creation of sequential flowering displays in diverse soil and climatic zones of Dagestan.

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