Bacterial agents as the basis of biofungicides effective against toxin-producing fungi of the genus Fusarium (review)

The review presents information on the biocontrol potential of antagonist bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Streptomyces against toxin-producing fungi Fusarium. The harmfulness of Fusarium fungi species complex is that it not only affects grain, reducing the content and quality of protein, its final weight, but also causes contamination with mycotoxins. The ability of fungi of the genus Fusarium to produce mycotoxins is an important factor in the pathogenicity of fungi. Information on the toxicity of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone for humans and animals is presented. Bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces spp. show antagonistic activity against fungi of the genus Fusarium. In agroecosystems, the most extensive research on bacterial agents for the control of phytopathogenic fungi has focused on antibiosis. The bacteria secrete lipopeptide antibiotics, phenazine derivatives, and other antifungal metabolites to directly inhibit F. graminearum. In addition, beneficial bacteria destroy fungal virulence factors, produce volatile antifungal compounds, and induce systemic plant resistance to phytopathogenic fungi. Biological control mechanisms (antibiosis, competition, hyperparasitism and induced resistance) can act simultaneously, resulting in disease control and therefore reduced mycotoxin contamination. This knowledge facilitates the targeted isolation of bacteria identified as microbiological agents for the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi. Understanding the molecular and biochemical basis of biocontrol will facilitate the development of more potent producers of effective biocontrol agents and a better understanding of the mechanisms of biocontrol activity.

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