Features of development of Verbascum species in Central Yakutia

The possibility of cultivating mullein species in Central Yakutia, which are relatively undemanding plants in terms of moisture, is of scientific and practical interest in order to determine their biological potential and the possibility of using them as ornamental and medicinal plants. The aim of the work is to identify the peculiarities of the developmental rhythms of some species of the genus Verbascum in the permafrost conditions of Central Yakutia. The objects of the study were 11 samples of the species V. chaixii subsp. austriacum, V. densiflorum, V. nigrum, V. nigrum subsp. abietinum, V. phoeniceum and V. thapsus. The material was obtained in the form of seeds in 2018–2021 from institutions in Russia, Denmark, Romania and Poland. The seeds of the first V. phoeniceum sample were sown in a greenhouse and the resulting seedlings were transplanted into the field collection. The remaining seeds were sown outdoors in the second half of September. The plants overwintered under the snow without any additional protection. Phenological phases in the conditions of Central Yakutia were 3–4 weeks later in the calendar than in Central Russia; the end of the growing season was limited by the onset of autumn frosts. The results of the introduction in Central Yakutia showed high resistance in culture of the species V. phoeniceum, V. nigrum, V. nigrum subsp. abietinum, V. chaixii subsp. austriacum and V. thapsus. When sown in the fall, plants of these species flower profusely in the second year and produce mature seeds, except for V. chaixii subsp. austriacum, which flowers profusely in the first year. These species are very decorative and can be recommended for inclusion in the range of ornamental herbaceous plants for Central Yakutia. V. thapsus is also promising as a medicinal plant. V. densiflorum plants developed as annuals without having time to form mature seeds. To use V. densiflorum as an ornamental or medicinal plant, a seedling period is required.

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