Protein productivity of early-maturing soybean varieties in the conditions of the Kaluga region

The article presents data on the duration of the growing season, biomass accumulation, seed productivity, protein content in seeds and protein yield with seed yield of four early-maturing soybean varieties – Magheva, Kasatka, Svetlaya, and Georgiya of the selection of the Institute of Seed Production and Agrotechnology – a branch of the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM. The study of early-maturing soybean varieties capable of sustainable maturing in the Non-chernozem zone is aimed at solving the problem of protein deficiency in grain crops produced in agricultural enterprises, which is important for the development of animal husbandry. The research was carried out in 2018–2019 on sod-podzolic, sandy loam soils. The Svetlaya and Kasatka soybean varieties had the shortest growing season – 94 days, the Magheva variety had a 9-day longer growing season and the Georgiya variety had a 14-day longer growing season. The earliest maturing soybean varieties are Svetlaya and Kasatka. The sum of temperatures at the level of 1623°C is sufficient for the formation of seed yield. The soybean varieties Magheva and Georgiya require a sum of temperatures 150–200°C higher. The varieties with a long growing season – Georgiya and Magheva – are characterized by a high level of biomass accumulation and higher seed yield, on average over two years their seed yields were 1.64 and 1.48 t/ha respectively, while those of the varieties Svetlaya and Kasatka were 1.30 and 1.34 t/ha respectively. The soybean varieties Magheva (40.7%) and Kasatka (39.8%), while Georgiya (36.1%) had the lowest. Protein yield with the seed yield was more dependent on the seed yield. The correlation coefficient between protein yield and seed yield was 0.91, and between protein yield and seed protein content was 0.19. The varieties with the highest protein yields were Magheva and Georgiya with 602 and 599 kg/ha respectively. The varieties with the lowest protein yield were Kasatka (529 kg/ha) and Svetlaya (500 kg/ha).

1. Kosolapov V.M., Trofimov I.A., Trofimova L.S. Forage production in agriculture, ecology and rational nature management (theory and practice). Moscow, Russia: Izdatel’skiy dom “Tipografiya” Rossel’khozakademii, 2014:135. (In Russ.)

2. Russian Statistical Yearbook 2022. (In Russ.) URL: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Ejegodnik_2022.pdf

3. Zelentsov S.V., Moshnenko E.V. Prospects for breeding of high-protein soybean cultivars: modelling of mechanisms of protein increase in the seeds. Maslichnye kul’tury. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy byulleten’ Vserossiyskogo nauchno-issledovatel’skogo instituta maslichnykh kul’tur. 2016;2:34–41. (In Russ.)

4. Mazurov V.N., Lukashov V.N., Isakov A.N. Use of leguminous crops and legume-cereals grain mixtures for forage for cattle in conditions of the Kaluga region. Legumes and Groat Crops. 2013;2(6):123–125. (In Russ.)

5. Soybeans in the world and Russia: production, domestic consumption, foreign trade. Moscow, 2022. (In Russ.) URL: https://vostokgosplan.ru/wp-content/uploads/soja-v-mire-i-r

6. Acreage, gross yields and crop yieldsin theRussian Federation in 2022. The Federal State Statistics Service (ROSSTAT). (In Russ.) URL: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/29_cx_predv_2022.xlsx

7. Belyshkina M.Ye. Photosynthetic activity of crops and yield formation of early-ripening soybean varieties. Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (TAA). 2019;(1):34–44. (In Russ.)

8. Gureeva E.V. Seed yield formation of new early maturing soybean varieties depending on seeding rates and sowing methods in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. CSc (Agr) thesis: 06.01.09. Moscow, 2009:159. (In Russ.)

9. Kobozeva T.P. Scientific and practical bases of the introduction and effective cultivation of soybean in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. DSc (Agr) thesis: 06.01.09. Moscow, 2007:390. (In Russ.)

10. Belyshkina M.E., Kobozeva T.P., Gureeva E.V. Growth and development of soybean varieties of the northern ecotype depending on the influence of limiting factors of the growing season. The Agrarian Scientific Journal. 2020;9:4–9. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i9pp4-9

11. Sikharulidze T.D., Khramoy V.K. Effect of temperature mode on vegetation period length and soybean yieldin the Central Non-Black Soil zone. Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (TAA). 2017;4:32–39. (In Russ.)

12. Khramoi V.K. Effect of wetting conditions on the duration of vegetative period and the yield of soybean in the Central Chernozemic zone. Plodorodie. 2017;4(97):24–26. (In Russ.)

13. Gureeva E.V., Fomina T.A. Soya for the Central Non-Chernozem region. Zemledelie. 2010;3:45–46. (In Russ.)

14. Tevchenkov A.A., Fedorova Z.S. Evaluation of suitability of different soybean varieties for cultivation in the conditions of the central part of the Non-Chernozem region of the Russian Federation. Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2022;23(6):796–804. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.6.796-804

15. Sikharulidze T.D., V Khramoy.K., Rakhimova O.V. Effect of seeding norms on the formation of a symbiotic apparatus and the accumulation of biomass by soybean crops in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone. In: Nauchnye osnovy ustoychivogo razvitiya sel’skokhozyaystvennogo proizvodstva v sovremennykh usloviyakh: Proceedings of the XV Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation, Kaluga, April 15, 2022. Kaluga, Russia: Federal Research Center of Cartography named after A.G. Lorch, 2022:72–75. (In Russ.)

16. Dospekhov B.A., Dospekhov B.A. Methodology of field experience: (with the basics of statistical processing of research results): a textbook for students of higher agricultural educational institutions in agronomic specialties. Ed.6, ster., reprinted from Ed.5, 1985. Moscow, Russia: Al’yans, 2011:350 (In Russ.)

17. Methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops. Moscow, Russia, 1985:116. (In Russ.)

18. Board J.E., Kahlon C.S. Soybean Yield Formation: What Controls It and How It Can Be Improved. In: Soybean Physiology and Biochemistry. Ed. by Prof. Hany El-Shemy. InTech, 2011:488. URL: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/22761

19. Egli D.B. Soybean Reproductive Sink Size and Short-term Reductions in Photosynthesis during Flowering and Pod Set. Crop Sci. 2010;50:1971–1977.

20. Gureeva E.V., Fomina T.A. Soybean is a source of vegetable proteins. Agrarian science. 2017;11–12:20–21. (In Russ.)