Effect of sterile cytoplasm type on valuable breeding traits of F1 sorghum hybrids under diff erent moisture conditions

Some researchers have found the influence of sterile cytoplasm on the manifestation of biological and valuable breeding traits in sorghum. In addition, some authors detect the influence of sterile cytoplasm, while others describe the absence of differences between F1 hybrids obtained from CMS lines with the same nuclear genome and differing only in the type of sterile cytoplasm. In this context, the aim of the research was to determine the effect of sterile cytoplasms A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 and meteorological conditions of growing F1 hybrids of grain sorghum on the main valuable breeding traits. In this work, F1 hybrids were obtained on the basis of CMS lines with the Karlik 4v genome and six types of sterile cytoplasm, and the Vostorg line was used as a pollinator. The studies were carried out in 2016–2018, with different hydrothermal regimes of plant growing seasons (GTK=0.51–1.01). As a result of the experiment, for the first time an increase in plant height during maturation was found in the A5 Karlik 4v/Vostorg hybrid (123.3 cm) compared to hybrids on cytoplasms A1, A2, A3, A4, A6 (118.0 cm); a decrease in the flag leaf area was found in the A3 Karlik 4v/ hybrid (104.4 cm2) compared to hybrids on cytoplasms A2, A4, A5 and A6 (130.3–136.3 cm2). On average, during the test period, hybrids on A1 and A5 cytoplasms produced a higher biomass yield (18.53–18.57 t/ha) than hybrids on A4 and A6 cytoplasms (13.76–15.91 t/ha), but the differences were not significant. At the same time, the contribution of the factor “CMS type” to the totalvariability of breeding traits ranged from 1.4 to 14.0%; “meteorological conditions” of the year – 24.0–58.9%. When breeding sorghum hybrids using genetically different types of sterile cytoplasm, it is advisable to include a CMS line on the A5 cytoplasm in the crossing according to the complex of breeding characteristics.

1. Aruna C., Shrotria P.K., Pahuja S.K. et al. Fodder yield and quality in forage sorghum: scope for improvement though diverse male sterile cytoplasms. Crop&Pasture Science. 2013; 63(12): 1114–1123. DOI: 10.1071/cp12215

2. Hoffmann L., Rooney W.L. Cytoplasm Has No Effect on the Yield and Quality of Biomass Sorghum Hybrids. Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems. 2013; 2: 129–134. DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2013.32018

3. Hossian Md.S., Islam Md.N., Rahman Md.M. et al. Sorghum: A prospective crop for climatic vulnerability, food and nutritional security. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. 2022; 8: 100300. DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100300

4. Jabereldar A.A., Naim A.M., Abdalla A.A. et al. Effect of Water Stress on Yield and Water Use Effeciency of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in Semi-Arid Environment. International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 2017; 7(1): 1–6.

5. Khaton M.A., Sagar A., Tajkia J.E. Effect of moisture stress on morphological and yield attributes of four sorghum varieties. Progressive Agriculture. 2016; 27(3): 265–271. DOI: 10.3329/pa.v27i3.30806

6. Vacek L.A., Rooney W.L. Effects of cytoplasm, male and female parents on biomass productivity in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Journal of Crop Improvement. 2018; 32(5): 635–647. DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2018.1483458

7. Reddy B.V.S., Ramesh S., Ortiz R. Genetic and Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Male sterility in Sorghum.Plant Breed. Reviews. J. Janik. Hoboken (еd.). New Jersy, Willey & Sons, Inc. 2005; 25: 139–169.

8. Salas Fernandez M.G., Strand K., Hamblin M.T. et al. Genetic analysis and phenotypic characterization of leaf photosynthetic capacity in a sorghum (Sorghum spp.) diversity panel. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 2015; 62: 939–950. DOI: 10.1007/s10722–014–0202–6

9. Stephens J.C., Holland R.F. Cytoplasmic Male-Sterility For Hybrid Sorghum Seed Production. Agronomy Journal. 1954; 44: 369–373. DOI: 10.2134/agronj1952.00021962004400070008x

10. Zhang H., Xu N., Wu X. et al. Effects of four types of sodium salt stress on plant growth and photosynthetic apparatus in sorghum leaves. Journal of Plant Interactions. 2018; 13(1): 506–513. DOI: org/10.1080/17429145.2018.1526978

11. Bychkova V.V., El‘konin L.A. Effect of the Type of Sterile Cytoplasm on Photosynthetic Parameters of Grain Sorghum Hybrids. Zernovoe khozyaistvo Rossii. 2016; 4: 5–8. (In Rus.)

12. Bychkova V.V., El‘konin L.A. Effect of Sterile Cytoplasmas on Photosynthetic Activity and Biomass Yield in F1 Sorghum Hybrids. Rossiyskaya sel‘skokhozyaystvennaya nauka. 2017; 2: 10–15. (In Rus.)

13. Vertikova Е.А., Ermolaeva G.I. Results of the selection of grain sorghum and recommendations for implementation in the conditions of the Lower Volga region. Agrarniy nauchniy zhurnal. 2018; 5: 5–10. DOI: 10.28983/asj.v0i5.466 (In Rus.)

14. Volodin A.B., Kapustin S.I., Kapustin A.S. Breeding of Hybrid Sorghum in the Stavropol Territory. Tavricheskiy vestnik agrarnoy nauki. 2017; 4(12): 50–56. (In Rus.)

15. Kibal‘nik O.P., El‘konin L.A., Kozhemyakin V.V. Effect of Different Types of Sterile Cytoplasmas on Morphobiological and Valuable Breeding Traits of F1 Hybrids of Grain Sorghum. Kukuruza i sorgo. 2009; 4: 19–22. (In Rus.)

16. Kibal‘nik O.P., El‘konin L.A. Effect of the Type of Sterile Cytoplasm on the Manifestation of Economically Useful Traits in Sorghum-Sudankovyh Hybrids. Doklady RASKhN. 2012; 1: 12–15. (In Rus.)

17. Kibal‘nik O.P., Semin D.S. Use of A3, A4 and 9E Types of CMS in the Breeding of Grain Sorghum Hybrids. Rossiyskaya sel‘skokhozyaystvennaya nauka. 2018; 5: 22–25. DOI: 10.31857/S250026270000640–9 (In Rus.)

18. Kovtunov V.V., Sukhenko N.N., Lushpina O.A. et al. Evaluation of Collection Samples of Grain Sorghum for Breeding New Varieties. Zernovoe khozyaystvo Rossii. 2022; 14(4): 46–51. DOI: 10.31367/2079–8725–2022–82–4–46–51 (In Rus.)

19. Methods of State Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. 2d ed. M.: Gosagroprom, 1989: 194. (In Rus.)

20. Radchenko E.E., Alpat‘yeva N.V., Korobitsyna Yu.I. et al. Development and Validation of CAPS Marker Associated with Rf2 Gene in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench). Biotekhnologiya i selektsiya rasteniy. 2021; 4(2):38–47. DOI: 10.30901/2658–6266–2021–2-o4 (In Rus.)

21. El‘konin L.A., Gerashchenkov G.A., Domanina I.V. et al. Inheritance of Reversions to Male Fertility in Sterile Sorghum Hybrids with CMS Type 9E Induced by Environmental Conditions. Genetika. 2015; 51(3): 312–323. (In Rus.)