Genetic resources for priority concepts of spring barley breeding in the Volga-Vyatka region

At present, the yield of barley varies greatly from year to year. This is due to changes in soil and climatic conditions. In this regard, the problem of selecting new source material for the creation of varieties capable of resisting the action of abiotic and biotic stresses is acute. The study of the global gene pool of spring barley under the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region helps to identify adaptive forms with a complex or individual traits and properties that meet modern breeding objectives. Thus, the aim of the research is to identify sources for spring barley breeding under the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region of the Russian Federation based on the evaluation of collection samples of different ecological and geographical origin for yield and a complex of valuable breeding traits. The experimental work was carried out in 2019–2021 at FARC North- East. The research object was 26 samples of spring barley of different ecological and geographical origin from the collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (23 samples) and FARC North-East. The collection was studied according to the Methodological Guidelines for the Study and Preservation of the World Collection of Barley and Oats (2012) and the International Comecon List of Descriptors for the genus Hordeum L. (subgen. Hordeum) (1983). The samples were evaluated for dusty smut on the basis of the scale of V.I. Krivechnko, A.P. Khokhlova (2008) and for leaf diseases according to the scale of O.S. Afanasenko (2005). Drought resistance of spring barley was studied by the laboratory method of VIR (1988). The evaluation of varieties against alumina stress was carried out according to the methodology of laboratory evaluation of aluminum resistance of grain crops (2003) and the recommendations of E.M. Lisitsyn (2018). As a result of the conducted research, the sources of economically valuable traits were identified: yield capacity – 1; combination of high yield capacity with high indicators of some elements of productivity – 15; with the shortest period from germination to maturity – 3; resistance to lodging – 19; resistance in vivo: to the causative agent of dusty smut – 1; stripe disease – 7; resistance to osmotic stress at the seedling stage – 5 and to alumina stress – 14.

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