Оценка антибактериальных свойств эфирных масел и растительных экстрактов по отношению к возбудителям черной ножки картофеля

Оценена антибактериальная активность 25 образцов эфирных масел и 7 образцов водных и этанольных растительных экстрактов против комплекса возбудителей черной ножки картофеля Dickeya chrysanthemi, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. odoriferum, Dickeya dadantii и Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. По отношению к описанным видам патогенов проведены исследования in vit ro с применением метода диффузии в агаре, определены минимальные ингибирующие (МИК) и минимальные бактерицидные концентрации (МБК) эфирных масел и экстрактов растений. По итогам скрининга для дальнейших исследований в условиях in vivo были выбраны эфирные масла душицы обыкновенной, коричника китайского, гвоздичного дерева, а также этанольные экстракты бадана толстолистного и дуба обыкновенного. В тестах на инфекционном фоне оценивали способность выбранных эфирных масел и экстрактов предотвращать мацерацию клубней картофеля при их применении в профилактических и лечебных целях. При лечебном применении данных эфирных масел в концентрации 40 мг/мл и более и растительных экстрактов в концентрации 150 мг/мл и более биологическая эффективность составляла 12,4–48,7%, а при профилактическом применении – 35,3–100%. Анализы ГХ–МС и ГХ-ПИД показали, что основным веществом в составе эфирного масла душицы обыкновенной выступал карвакрол (62,32%), в составе коричника китайского – коричный альдегид (84,25%), в составе гвоздичного дерева – эвгенол (76,98%). В составах экстрактов бадана толстолистного и дуба обыкновенного преобладали уксусная (27,85%) и капроновая (28,52%) кислоты соответственно.

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