izvestiiatimacadИзвестия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академииIZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY0021-342XФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева10.26897/0021-342X-2022-6-123-145izvestiiatimacad-352Research ArticleЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЕ, РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВО, ЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙAGRONOMY, CROP PRODUCTION, PLANT PROTECTIONОценка антибактериальных свойств эфирных масел и растительных экстрактов по отношению к возбудителям черной ножки картофеляEvaluation of the antibacterial properties of essential oils and plant extracts against potato blackleg pathogensДацюкА. А.DatsyukA. A.

Дацюк Анна Андреевна, аспирант кафедры защиты растений

127550, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49

тел.: (916) 509–37–73; e-mail: 

Anna A. Datsyuk, post-graduate student of the Department of Plant Protection

49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434

phone: (916) 509–37–73

annadacyk@rgau-msha.ruТаракановР. И.TarakanovR. I.

Тараканов Рашит Ислямович, аспирант, ассистент кафедры защиты растений

127550, Российская Федерация, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49

тел.: (977) 403–54–40

Rashit I. Tarakanov, post-graduate student, Assistant Professorof the Plant Protection Department

49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434,

phone: (977) 403–54–40

tarakanov.rashit@mail.ruРоссийский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. ТимирязеваРоссияRussian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyRussian Federation20220104202316123145Copyright © Дацюк А.А., Тараканов Р.И., 20232023Дацюк А.А., Тараканов Р.И.Datsyuk A.A., Tarakanov R.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/352

Оценена антибактериальная активность 25 образцов эфирных масел и 7 образцов водных и этанольных растительных экстрактов против комплекса возбудителей черной ножки картофеля Dickeya chrysanthemi, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. odoriferum, Dickeya dadantii и Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. По отношению к описанным видам патогенов проведены исследования in vit ro с применением метода диффузии в агаре, определены минимальные ингибирующие (МИК) и минимальные бактерицидные концентрации (МБК) эфирных масел и экстрактов растений. По итогам скрининга для дальнейших исследований в условиях in vivo были выбраны эфирные масла душицы обыкновенной, коричника китайского, гвоздичного дерева, а также этанольные экстракты бадана толстолистного и дуба обыкновенного. В тестах на инфекционном фоне оценивали способность выбранных эфирных масел и экстрактов предотвращать мацерацию клубней картофеля при их применении в профилактических и лечебных целях. При лечебном применении данных эфирных масел в концентрации 40 мг/мл и более и растительных экстрактов в концентрации 150 мг/мл и более биологическая эффективность составляла 12,4–48,7%, а при профилактическом применении – 35,3–100%. Анализы ГХ–МС и ГХ-ПИД показали, что основным веществом в составе эфирного масла душицы обыкновенной выступал карвакрол (62,32%), в составе коричника китайского – коричный альдегид (84,25%), в составе гвоздичного дерева – эвгенол (76,98%). В составах экстрактов бадана толстолистного и дуба обыкновенного преобладали уксусная (27,85%) и капроновая (28,52%) кислоты соответственно.

The antibacterial activity of 25 samples of essential oils and seven aqueous samples and ethanolic plant extracts was evaluated against the complex of potato blackleg pathogens Dickeya chrysanthemi, Pectobacterium odoriferum, Dickeya didantii and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. To identify the described species, studies of pathogens were carried out in vitro with a skin diffusion test on agar, requiring minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of essential oils and plant extracts. Based on the results of screening for studies in the field of health, in vivo conditions, the essential oils of the common oregano, Chinese cinnamon, clove, as well as ethanol extracts of thick-leaved badan and common oak bark were selected. In the course of further testing, the ability of essential oils and extracts to prevent potato tuber maceration when used for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes was evaluated. With therapeutic use of the above essential oils at a concentration of 40 mg/ml or more and plant extracts at a concentration of 150 mg/ml or more, the biological effectiveness was 12.4–48.7%, and with prophylactic use – 35.3–100%. GC–MS and GC-FID analyzes showed that the main component of oregano essential oil was carvacrol (62.32%), Chinese cinnamon – cinnamaldehyde (84.25%), clove – eugenol (76.98%). Acetic (27.85%) and caproic (28.52%) acids predominated in the compositions of the extracts of thick-leaved badan and common oak, respectively.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.