Seed productivity and adaptability of varieties of white lupin in the conditions of the Central Chernozem zone

In field experiments for four years (2019–2022) in the conditions of the northern part of the Central Chernozem region, the productivity components of different varieties of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) were determined and presented in the article Dega, Delta, Start, Manovitsky, Timiryazevsky and Gana, the varieties of breeding of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, were studied. Cultivation of high-yielding and high-protein varieties of white lupin increases the production of vegetable protein up to 15 c/ha (with a similar yield in grain crops, the protein harvest is four times lower). Thanks to nitrogen fixation, its production is possible without the cost of expensive nitrogen fertilizers, which is also beneficial in energy and environmental aspects. In addition, white lupin is able to assimilate phosphates that are difficult to dissolve. The influence of stress factors related to weather changes at different stages of vegetation on the variability of plant seed productivity parameters has been determined. The varieties of white lupine with determinant type of growth bred in Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy were characterized by a high level of adaptive potential to moisture deficiency (drought) and heat stress. The biological yield of the varieties was high, averaging 529, 573, 483, 564 g/m2 in 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The share of the main stem in seed yield by year was 85, 74, 78, 88%. The coefficient of variation on the main shoot (V%) averaged 4.9% in varieties, 11.8% in years. On lateral shoots it was three times higher.

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