Effects of minimum tillage, fertilizers and herbicides on the dynamics of organic matter and agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic soil when growing spring grain crops and oat-vetch mixtures

Minimum tillage is an integral element of resource-saving technologies, which, along with fertilizers and plant protection products, forms the conditions for the sustainable functioning of the entire agroecosystem. This paper presents data for 2015–2018, obtained during a multi-year three-factor experiment in the sowings of spring grain crops (2015, 2017) and oat-vetch mixtures (2016, 2018). The experience included four gradations of the tillage system: moldboard plowing (MP), surface tillage with deep loosening (STDL), surface-ploughing tillage (SPT) and surface tillage (ST); six gradations for fertilizer systems: no fertilizer (F0), N30 (N), straw (St), straw + N30 (StN), straw + NPK (StNPK) and NPK (NPK); two herbicide grades: without herbicides (H0) and with herbicides (H). Application of surface tillage (SP) led to acidification of the top layer by 0.08 (NSR05=0.05) units when growing spring grain crops (2015, 2017). SP increased mobile phosphorus content by 16.5 mg/kg (LSD05=11.9) in the 10–20 cm layer when cultivatihg annual grasses (2016, 2018). Application of STDL, SPT and ST increased the content of exchangeable potassium by 15.7–18.9 mg/kg (LSD05=11.5) in the 0–10 cm layer. SPT led to an increased yield compared to the MP. STDL decreased the yield of oat-vetch mixtures in 2018 by 30.8 cwt/ha (LSD05= 25.2). The introduction of NPK and StNPK contributed to the greatest increase in the content of organic matter, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and the yield of spring grain crops and oat-vetch mixtures. The use of the herbicide in barley crops was accompanied by an increase in crop yield by 2.53 cwt/ha (LSD05=1.11).

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