Integrated assessment of introduced apple varieties (Malus Domestica borkh.) to create stable agricultural cenosis in the Orenburg region

Analyzing the varieties of apple trees included in the assortment of the Orenburg region from various regions of our country, it can be noted that fruits of attractive appearance, large size, good taste and high yield are in the greatest demand. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to select varieties and introduce them as sustainable agrocenoses for the Orenburg region. The article presents the results of a study of 15 introduced apple varieties. Landing pattern is 3.0 × 5.0 m. The studies were carried out in 2019–2021. on the basis of the Orenburg branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture. The purpose of the research was a comparative assessment of the biological complex of introduced apple varieties to create sustainable agrocenoses in the Orenburg region. When determining the complex by drought resistance (leaf water content, water deficit, water loss in leaves) of introduced apple varieties, the authors identified varieties with medium drought tolerance, such as Brusnichnoe, Mechtatel’nitsa, Spartak, Akaevskaya Krasavitsa, and Polina. It was revealed that the varieties Sverdlovchanin (27.4 t/ha), Spartak (28.8 t/ha), Simvol (28.4 t/ha) and Podarok oseni (27.8 t/ha) are characterized by high yield. According to the weight of the fruit, the varieties Spartak (139.7 g), BratChud (138.0 g), Simvol (135.6 g), and Bessemyanka Michurinskaya (133.4 g) stood out. Taking into account a set of indicators (drought resistance, yield, weight and number of fruits), the most promising introduced apple varieties can be identified to recommend as stable agrocenoses and starting material for breeding in the Orenburg region.

1. Atazhanova E.V., Lukicheva L.A. Analiz sostoyaniya i mirovye tendentsii vyrashchivaniya i selektsii yabloni [Analysis of the state and world trends in the cultivation and selection of apple trees]. Biologiya rasteniy i sadovodstvo: teoriya, innovatsii. 2021; 3(160): 76–85. (In Rus.)

2. Dospekhov B.A. Metodika polevogo opyta (s osnovami statisticheskoy obrabotki rezul’tatov issledovaniy). Uchebnik dlya studentov vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy po agronomicheskim spetsial’nostyam [Field experience methodology (with the basics of statistical processing of research results). Textbook for students of higher educational institutions in agronomic specialties]. M.: Al’yans. 2011: 352. (In Rus.)

3. Kozlovskaya Z.A. Selektsiya yabloni v Belarusi [Apple breeding in Belarus]. Minsk: Belorusskaya nauka. 2015: 558. (In Rus.)

4. Kichina V.V. Printsipy uluchsheniya sadovykh rasteniy [Principles for improving garden plants]. Moscow. 2011: 528. (In Rus.)

5. Litchenko N.A. Osobennosti biologii introdutsirovannykh sortov yabloni v stepnom Krymu [Features of the biology of introduced apple varieties in the steppe Crimea]. Byulleten’ Gosudarstvennogo Nikitskogo botanicheskogo sada. 2008; 96: 47–51. (In Rus.)

6. Makarenko S.A., Kalinina I.P. Geneticheskiy potentsial v selektsii yabloni na yuge zapadnoy Sibiri [Genetic potential in apple tree breeding in the south of Western Siberia]. Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selektsii. 2016; 177(1): 91–109. (In Rus.)

7. Mursalimova G.R., Merezhko O.E., Lokhova A.I. Adaptivniy potentsial introdutsirovannykh sortov plodovykh kul’tur [Adaptive potential of introduced varieties of fruit crops]. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo. 2018; 3(27): 95–102. (In Rus.)

8. Programma i metodika sortoizucheniya plodovykh, yagodnykh i orekhoplodnykh kul’tur [Program and methodology for the study of variety of fruit, berry and nut crops]. Orel: VNIISPK. 1999: 253–300. (In Rus.)

9. Trunov Y.V., Solovyev A.V., Zavrazhnov A.A., Tarova Z.N. Modeling the productivity of intensive and super-intensive apple orchards in the midland of Russia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Series: “International Conference on Agricultural Science and Engineering”. 2021; 012043.

10. Sieczko L., Masny A., Pruski K., Żurawicz E., Mądry W. Multivariate assessment of cultivars biodiversity among the Polish strawberry core collection. Hort. Sci. (Prague). 2015; 42(2): 83–93.

11. Mathey M.M., Mookerjee S., Mahoney L.L., Gündüz K., Rosyara U., Hancock J.F., Stewart P.J., Whitaker V.M., Bassil N.V., Davis T.M., Finn C.A. Genotype 54 by environment interactions and combining ability for strawberry families grown in diverse environments. Euphytica. 2017; 213(5): 112–123.

12. Gabriel A., Resende J.T.V., Zeist A.R., Resende L.V., Resende N.C.V., Galvão A.G., Zeist R.A., Lima Filho R.B., Corrêa J.V.W., Camargo C.K. Phenotypic stability of strawberry cultivars assessed in three environments. Gen. Mol. Res. 2018; 17(3): 1–11.