Effect of the feeding level on the productivity of Simmental young bulls

Due to the changing conditions of economic development, there is an increase in demand for beef produced in our country. Satisfying the need for beef is possible not only by increasing the number of livestock specialized in meat production. One of the effective solutions in cattle breeding can be the use of combined breeds, among which we can single out the Simmental breed, which is distinguished by good growth and development rates under the conditions of intensive cultivation technologies. Proper selection of the feeding ration will speed up the development of muscle tissue in the animal’s body and increase meat productivity.
This article is devoted to the study of changes in the level of feeding on the meat productivity of Simmental young stock. The studies were carried out in the SEC PZ “Zarya-1” of the Karachay- Cherkess Republic. The study of meat productivity was carried out according to the accepted methodology of scientific research in animal husbandry. As a result of the analysis of the work performed, it was found that in the group of animals with an increased level of feeding, more intensive body growth was observed compared to the control group. The young bulls of group I received 28% more nutritious feed, which was reflected in live weight indicators in different age periods. So, at 6 months of age, the animals of the experimental group outperformed their counterparts from the control group by 21%; at 12 months of age by 26%; at 18 months by 20%. Also, the beneficial effect of the increased level of feeding was expressed in the values of the measurements and their ratios in the young bulls of group I compared to group II, which was reflected in the body shape of the animals. The young bulls of the control group lagged significantly behind the representatives of the experimental group in terms of body size. In terms of the output of the main slaughter products in all periods, there were differences between the young bulls of groups 1 and 2. At the age of 18 months, the young bulls of group 1 exceeded their counterparts from group 2 in carcass yield by 0.92%; in slaughter yield by 1.46%. When conducting a differentiated deboning of carcasses, it was found that the relative weight of pulp (muscle and fat) increased with age in both groups, while the weight of bones and tendons decreased. However, the young bulls of the experimental group had a higher percentage of bone content compared to their counterparts from the control group, which is especially noticeable in the lumbar and chest. it follows therefrom that an increased level of feeding has a beneficial effect on the growth and exterior indicators of Simmental young bulls and, consequently, on meat productivity indicators.

1. Bogolyubova L.P., Nikitina S.V., Matveeva E.A., Tyapugin E.E. Porodniy sostav v plemennom myasnom skotovodstve Rossii [Breed composition in breed beef cattle breeding in Russia]. Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo. 2021; 1: 10–12. (In Rus.)

2. Buravov A., Salikhov A., Kosilov V. et al. Potentsial myasnoy produktivnosti simmental’skogo skota, razvodimogo na Yuzhnom Urale [Potential of meat productivity of Simmental cattle bred in the Southern Urals]. Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo. 2011; 1: 18–19. (In Rus.)

3. Golembovskiy V.V. Myasnaya produktivnost’ bychkov kalmyckoy porody, poluchennykh ot korov, stimuliruemykh preparatom “PIM” [Meat productivity of Kalmyk bull-calves obtained from cows stimulated with the “PIM” drug]. Agrarniy nauchniy zhurnal. 2017; 7: 3–6. (In Rus.)

4. Gorlov I.F., Shlykov S.N., Natyrov A.K., Slozhenkina M.I., Bolaev B.K., Mosolova N.I., Sutorma O.A., Omarov R.S. Intensifikatsiya proizvodstva produktov myasnogo skotovodstva na osnove progressivnykh tekhnologiy selektsii i kormleniya zhivotnykh [Intensification of the production of beef cattle products based on progressive technologies for breeding and feeding animals]. Elista: Kalmyckiy gosudarstvenniy universitet, 2017: 230. (In Rus.)

5. Dunin I.M., Tyapugin S.E., Meshcheryakov R.K., Khodykov V.P., Adzhibekov V.K., Tyapugin E.E., Dyul’dina A.V. Sostoyanie myasnogo skotovodstva v Rossiyskoy Federatsii: realii i perspektivy [State of beef cattle breeding in the Russian Federation: realities and prospects]. 2020; 2: 2–7. (In Rus.)

6. Kosilov V.I., Mironenko S.I., Nikonova E.A., Andrienko D.A., Kubatbekov T.S. Ispol’zovanie geneticheskikh resursov krupnogo rogatogo skota raznogo napravleniya produktivnosti dlya uvelicheniya proizvodstva govyadiny na Yuzhnom Urale: monografiya [The use of genetic resources of cattle with different directions of productivity to increase beef production in the South Urals: monograph]. Orenburg: Izdatel’skiy tsentr OGAU, 2016: 316. (In Rus.)

7. Kulintsev V.V., Shevkhuzhev A.F., Ulimbashev M.B. Myasnaya produktivnost’ krupnogo rogatogo skota pri ispol’zovanii resursosberegayushchikh tekhnologiy: monografiya [Meat productivity of cattle using resource-saving technologies: monograph]. Mikhailovsk: SK FNATs, Stavropol: Servisshkola, 2019: 170. (In Rus.)

8. Kulintsev V.V., Shevkhuzhev A.F., Smakuev D.R., Ulimbashev M.B. Otkormochnye i uboynye kachestva bychkov pri vyrashchivanii po tekhnologii myasnogo skotovodstva [Fattening and slaughter qualities of bulls when grown according to the technology of beef cattle breeding]. Zootekhniya. 2020; 3: 17–21. (In Rus.)

9. Medvedev A.Yu. Razrabotka metodiki kompleksnoy otsenki tekhnologii proizvodstva govyadiny [Development of a methodology for a comprehensive evaluation of beef production technology]. Vestnik Krasnoyarskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2015; 2: 172–177. (In Rus.)

10. Metodologiya nauchnykh issledovaniy v zhivotnovodstve i kormoproizvodstve (metodicheskoe posobie) [Methodology of scientific research in animal husbandry and fodder production (manual)]. Ed. by A.I. Surov. Stavropol: FGBNU “Severo-Kavkazskiy FNAC”, izd-vo “Stavropol’-Servis-Shkola”, 2022: 364. (In Rus.)

11. Mysik A.T., Usmanova E.N., Kuzyakina L.I. Sovremennye tekhnologii v myasnom skotovodstve pri razvedenii aberdin-angusskoy porody [Modern technologies in beef cattle breeding in the breeding of the Aberdeen-Angus breed]. Zootekhniya. 2020; 8: 25–28. (In Rus.)

12. Kalashnikov A.P., Fisinin V.I., Shcheglov V.V., Kleymenov N.I. Normy i ratsiony kormleniya sel’skokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh. Spravochnoe posobie. [Norms and diets for feeding farm animals. Reference manual.] 3rd edition revised and enlarged. Moscow, 2003: 456. (In Rus.)

13. Rozhkova T.S. Kharakteristika vyrashchivaniya molodnyaka simmental’skoy porody [Characteristics of growing young animals of the Simmental breed]. Nauchniy zhurnal molodykh uchenykh. 2017; 2 (9): 20–22. (In Rus.)

14. Chinarov A.V. Plemennye resursy myasnogo skotovodstva Rossii [Breeding resources of beef cattle breeding in Russia]. Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo. 2020; 4 (40): 60–65. (In Rus.)

15. Shagaliev F.M. Myasnaya produktivnost’ i kachestvennye pokazateli myasa bychkov raznykh genotipov [Meat productivity and quality indicators of bull meat of different genotypes]. Zootekhniya. 2022; 2: 34–38. (In Rus.)

16. Shakhmurzov M.M., Shevkhuzhev A.F., Pogodaev V.A., Tsurikova N.V. Vliyanie prodolzhitel’nosti proizvodstvennogo tsikla i urovnya i kormleniya na produktivnye kachestva bychkov aberdin-angusskoy porody [Effect of the duration of the production cycle and the level and feeding on the productive qualities of bulls of the Aberdeen-Angus breed]. Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo. 2019; 1: 5–8. (In Rus.)

17. Shevkhuzhev A.F., Legoshic G.P. Myasnoe skotovodstvo i proizvodstvo govyadiny: Uchebnik [Beef cattle breeding and beef production: Textbook]. 2nd edition. SPb.: Lan’, 2021: 380. (In Rus.)

18. Shevkhuzhev A.F., Ulimbashev M.B., Vinogradova N.D., El’zhirokova Z.L. Effektivnost’ proizvodstva govyadiny pri razlichnykh tekhnologiyakh vyrashchivaniya simmental’skogo skota [Efficiency of beef production under different technologies of growing Simmental cattle]. SPb: SPbGAU, 2019: 165. (In Rus.)

19. Shevkhuzhev A.F., Dubrovin A.I., Ulimbashev M.B., Ulimbasheva R.A. Gematologicheskiy status i vosproizvoditel’naya sposobnost’ yakov i krupnogo rogatogo skota v vysokogor’yakh Severnogo Kavkaza [Hematological status and reproductive ability of yaks and cattle in the highlands of the North Caucasus]. Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2016; 1 (57): 64–66. (In Rus.)

20. Shevkhuzhev A.F., Levantin D.L., Tekov M.E. Effektivnost’ skreshchivaniya porody braman v usloviyakh Severnogo Kavkaza [Efficiency of crossing the Brahmin breed in the conditions of the North Caucasus]. Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo. 1997; 3: 10–13. (In Rus.)

21. Shevkhuzhev A.F. Pogodaev V.A., Saitova F.N. Vliyanie tekhnologii soderzhaniya na khimicheskiy sostav myshechnoy tkani bychkov shvitskoy porody [Effect of maintenance technology on the chemical composition of the muscle tissue of bulls of the Swiss breed]. Ratsional’nye puti resheniya sotsial’no-ekonomicheskikh i nauchno-tekhnicheskikh problem regiona: Materialy VI regional’noy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, Cherkessk, 17–18 aprelya 2006 goda. Cherkessk: Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya gosudarstvennaya tekhnologicheskaya akademiya. 2006: 17–20. (In Rus.)

22. Shichkin G.I., Lebedev S.V., Kostyuk R.V., Shichkin D.G. Proizvodstvo govyadiny: sostoyanie i perspektivy [Beef production: state and prospects]. Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo. 2021; 8: 2–5. (In Rus.)