Accumulation and distribution of nutrients in the muscles and hepatopancreas of two-year-old carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed with different rations

The paper deals with the influence of different feed quality on the chemical composition and features of nutrient accumulation in the somatic muscles and hepatopancreas of two-year-old carp species. Fish were fed using pendulum auto-feeders on demand with K-111 compound feeds (23% protein and 3.5% fat) and Karp 38/12 (38% protein and 12% fat). In variant I, K-111 compound feed was used (in both car feeders), in variant II - Karp-38/12 (in both car feeders), in variant III-K-111 and Karp-38/12 (in different car feeders). The bionic method allows identifying the preference offish for a particular type of feed. Regardless of the diets used, the water content in organs and tissues decreases during the growing of two-year-old carp species, which is primarily due to the accumulation offat. To a lesser extent, this is due to the number of dry fat-free substance. Red muscles, regardless of the diet, contain more fat than the white one (in 3.9-4.2 times). Similar data on fat content were obtained for the liver. As a rule, the hypaxial part of the white muscles slightly exceeds the epaxial one in terms of fat content in the process of fish growing. The number of dry fat-free substance varies to a lesser extent and does not have a well-defined relationship with the structure of fish organs and tissues. When using all types of feed and their combination by the end of growing, there is an increase in fat in the muscles of two-year-old species. The most intensive accumulation of energy substance occurs in the oxidative muscles offish fed with a combined diet (38.6%). Similar changes occur in the hepatopancreas, but the intensity of fat accumulation is higher in carp in variant II (Karp 38/12) (P < 0.05). In fish in variant III (K-111, Karp 38/12), the value of this indicator is intermediate. The fat content in the epaxial and hypaxial muscles is quite similar. At the end of growing, the tested diets actually have no effect on fat accumulation in white muscles. The hepatopancreas offish that consume “Karp 38/12” food has the highest fat content. A low-calorie diet (K-111) does not contribute to intensive fat accumulation in the hepatopancreas. The fat content in carp species of variant I is lower than in two-year-old species from variant II and III by 1.9 and 1.5 times, respectively. When feeding K-111, the main depot of fat is white muscle (50-64%). An important place for storing energy substances is the hypaxial part of the muscles (52-78%). The role of red muscles in this process is less significant (36-41%). The use of high-calorie feed leads to some changes in the quantitative localization of fat reserves. White muscles of two-year-old species tend to gradually lose their dominant position during fat accumulation (41-52%). The amount of fat in them is reduced by 19.4-33.2% (P < 0.05), as compared with option I. The main places of fat accumulation are the hepatopancreas and red muscles (56-59%). The study results indicate the relationship between the energy intensity of feed and the chemical composition of somatic muscles, thier parts and the hepatopancreas. Special attention should be paid to the problems of ensuring the trophic needs offish when simultaneously using feed products.

two-year-old carp species, feed products, auto-feeding, growth and development, white and red muscles

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