Effect of biopreparations on nitrogen assimilation  in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under stressful growing conditions

The article presents studies on the effect of biopreparations on nitrogen assimilation in spring soft wheat plants grown under stressful conditions resulting from either water deficit or excess soil moisture. It is known that recent years have seen a tendency towards an increase in the area of arable land in the Russian Federation affected by droughts, as well as periodic flooding and waterlogging, which significantly damage agricultural production. In this regard, the search for strategies to mitigate the negative effects of stress responses induced by either water deficit or waterlogging is of great practical and environmental significance and remains highly relevant. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of biopreparations on nitrogen assimilation in two different spring wheat varieties under simulated water supply stress conditions. Spring wheat plants of the varieties Zlata and Radmira were grown under controlled vegetation conditions using a modified soil culture technique. The soil used was typical light loamy urbanozem, collected from the field experimental station of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. An adaptive effect of biopreparations was established under water deficit conditions, influencing nitrogen uptake by plants and the extent of nitrogen assimilation in wheat grain, thereby enhancing the ability of spring soft wheat to withstand adverse environmental conditions. A positive effect of the studied preparations on nitrogen uptake and assimilation processes in spring soft wheat plants varieties Zlata and Radmira was revealed. The effectiveness of biopreparations under various water supply stress conditions depended on their chemical composition and application method. It was shown that the greatest adaptive capacity of biopreparations was manifested under drought conditions during the critical period of plant development in both wheat varieties. The application of biopreparations provided optimal conditions for nitrogen uptake by plants and enhanced nitrogen assimilation processes, thereby promoting adaptive responses in plants and increasing the ability of spring wheat to withstand adverse environmental conditions.

1. Report on the climate features in the Russian Federation for 2020. Moscow, Russia: Rosgidromet, 2021:104. (In Russ.)

2. Dorokhov A.S., Belyshkina M.E. Agroclimatic characteristics of regions of the Non-Black soil zone of the Russian Federation and suitability estimation for cultivation of modern early soybean varieties. Vestnik of Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy. 2021;(3(55)):35-39. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2021-3-34-39

3. Kleshchenko A.D., Savitskaya O.V. Assessment of the possibility of using satellite information for monitoring droughts in the southern regions of Russia. Hydrometeorological Research and Forecasting. 2024;(3(393)):142-157. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.37162/2618-9631-2024-2-142-157

4. Kononova N.K. Characteristics of extreme droughts of the late twentieth century. Geopolitika i ekogeodinamika regionov. 2017;3(13)(1):35-65. (In Russ.)

5. Seregina I.I., Vernichenko I.V., Nilovskaya N.T., Shumilin A.O. The productivity and resistance of spring wheat under conditions of oxidative stress when using selenium. Agrohimia. 2015;(3):56-63. (In Russ.)

6. Timoshenkova T.A. The water regime of the Triticum durum leaf apparatus – as an indicator in the selection for drought resistance. Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2023;(5(103)):38-45. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.37670/2073-0853-2023-103-5-38-45

7. Cherenkova E.A., Kononova N.K. Analisys of a severe atmospheric drought in 1972 and 2010 and macrocirculation conditions of its formation over the European part of Russia. Proceedings of the Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory. 2002;(565):165-187. (In Russ.)

8. Cherenkova E.A. Dangerous atmospheric drought in European Russia under recent summer warming. Fundamentalnaya i prikladnaya klimatologiya. 2017;2:130-143. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21513/2410-8758-2017-2-130-143

9. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, 2019:178. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24108.95368

10. Koshkin E.I., Andreeva I.V., Vagun I.V. Productivity and phytoremediation capacity of Brassica napus on soddy-podzolic soil at different contamination with heavy metals. Agrohimia. 2010;(12):52-57. (In Russ.)

11. Poleskaya O.G. Plant cell and active forms of oxygen. Moscow, Russia: KDU Pablisher, 2007:137. (In Russ.)

12. Chupakhina G.N., Maslennikov P.V., Skrypnik L.N. Natural antioxidants (Ecological aspect). Kaliningrad, Russia: Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 2011:111. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3703.6486

13. Kuzminykh A.N., Dolgusheva I.Ya. Influence of growth stimulants on spring wheat yield and grain quality. Vestnik of Mari State University. Chapter: Agriculture. Economics. 2020;6(2):175-179. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30914/2411-9687 2020-6-2-175-179

14. Pavlova O.V., Marchenkova L.A., Chavdar R.F., Orlova T.G. et al. Seed quality and growth processes at early stages of winter wheat organogenesis depending on their biological treatment. Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2023;(1):36-43. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.268970021-342Х-2023-1-36-43

15. Martynov A.A., Bome N.A., Yurkova V.A., Bazyuk D.A. Field assessment of the result of biological treatment of seeds of spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2023;(1):44-56. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.268970021-342Х-2023-1-44-56

16. Kobzarenko V.I., Volobueva V.F., Seregina I.I., Romodina L.V. Agrochemical research methods. Moscow, Russia: Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, 2015:309. (In Russ.)

17. GOST 26213-2021 Soils. Methods for determination of organic matter. Moscow, Russia, 2021:11. (In Russ.)

18. GOST 26483-85 Soils. Preparation of salt extract and determination of its pH by CINAO method. Moscow, Russia, 2023:8. (updated July 1, 2023). (In Russ.)

19. GOST 26212-2021 Soils. Determination of hydrolytic acidity by Kappen method modified by CINAO. Moscow, Russia, 2021:9. (In Russ.)

20. GOST 27821-2020 Soils. Determination of base absorption sum by Kappen method. Moscow, Russia, 2020:11. (updated July 1, 2023). (In Russ.)

21. GOST 26107-84 Soils. Methods for determination of total nitrogen. Moscow, Russia, 2020:9. (updated July 1, 2023). (In Russ.)

22. Guidelines for determining alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil by the Kornfield method. Moscow, USSR: TsINAO, 1985:9. (In Russ.)

23. GOST R54650-2011 Soils. Determination of mobile phosphorus and potassium compounds by Kirsanov method modified by CINAO. Moscow, Russia, 2023:10. (updated July 1, 2023). (In Russ.)

24. Kidin V.V., Deryugin I.P., Kobzarenko V.I. et al. Agrochemistry workshop. Moscow, Russia: KolosS, 2008:599. (In Russ.)

25. State catalog of pesticides and agrochemicals permitted for use in the Russian Federation. 2024:803. (In Russ.) URL: https://direct.farm/content/76e/76eb9f0dc7f341da9c9753ba5f9f8693899871.pdf (accessed June 12, 2025).

26. Patent, No. 2814256 C1 (Russian Federation): IPC C05F 17/00, C05G 1/06. Liquid organomineral humic fertilizer. V.I. Trukhachev, S.L. Belopukhov, I.I. Seregina et al., 2024. (In Russ.)

27. Anka M., Seregina I.I., Buldygin A.I. Yield and protein content in spring wheat grain using bioduksu and organomineral biopreparation. Plodorodie. 2025;(1(142)):55-58. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25680/S19948603.202