izvestiiatimacadИзвестия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академииIZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY0021-342XФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева10.26897/0021-342X-2025-6-127-148izvestiiatimacad-991Research ArticleЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЕ, РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВО, ЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙAGRONOMY, CROP PRODUCTION, PLANT PROTECTIONБелая гниль сои: особенности патогенеза, биологические свойства патогена и меры защитыSoybean white mold: pathogenesis features, biological properties of the pathogen, and control methodshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3235-8467ТаракановР. И.TarakanovR. I.

Рашит Ислямович Тараканов, канд. биол. наук, доцент

кафедра защиты растений

127434; ул. Тимирязевская, 49; Москва

Rashit I. Tarakanov, CSc (Bio), Associate Professor

Department of Plant Protection

127550; 49 Timiryazevskaya st.; Moscow

r.tarakanov@rgau-msha.ruМедведеваВ. В.MedvedevaV. V.

Виктория Васильевна Медведева, студент

кафедра защиты растений

127434; ул. Тимирязевская, 49; Москва

Victoria V. Medvedeva, student

Department of Plant Protection

127550; 49 Timiryazevskaya st.; Moscow

vikamedm@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1646-9802ЕвсеевП. В.EvseevP. V.

Петр Владимирович Евсеев, канд. биол. наук, заведующий лабораторией

лаборатория молекулярной микробиологии

117342; ул. Островитянова 1; Москва

Peter V. Evseev, CSc (Bio), Head of the Laboratory

Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology

117513; 1 Ostrovityanova St.; Moscow

petevseev@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1568-4922СавоськинаО. А.SavoskinaO. A.

Ольга Алексеевна Савоськина, д-р с.-х. наук, профессор

кафедра земледелия и методики опытного дела

127434; ул. Тимирязевская, 49; Москва

Olga A. Savoskina, DSc (Ag), Professor

Department of Agriculture and Experimental Methods

127550; 49 Timiryazevskaya st.; Moscow

osavoskina@rgau-msha.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6128-1948ЧебаненкоС. И.ChebanenkoS. I.

Светлана Ивановна Чебаненко, канд. с.-х. наук, доцент

кафедра защиты растений

127434; ул. Тимирязевская, 49; Москва

Svetlana I. Chebanenko, CSc (Ag), Associate Professor

Department of Plant Protection

127550; 49 Timiryazevskaya st.; Moscow

svchebanenko@rgau-msha.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5014-8375ДжалиловФ. С.-У.DzhalilovF. S.-U.

Февзи Сеид-Умерович Джалилов, д-р биол. наук, профессор

кафедра защиты растений

127434; ул. Тимирязевская, 49; Москва

Fevzi S.-U. Dzhalilov, DSc (Bio), Professor

Department of Plant Protection

127550; 49 Timiryazevskaya st.; Moscow

dzhalilov@rgau-msha.ruРоссийский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. ТимирязеваРоссияRussian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyRussian FederationРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. ПироговаРоссияRussian National Research Medical University named after N.I. PirogovRussian Federation20252501202606127148Copyright © Тараканов Р.И., Медведева В.В., Евсеев П.В., Савоськина О.А., Чебаненко С.И., Джалилов Ф.С., 20252025Тараканов Р.И., Медведева В.В., Евсеев П.В., Савоськина О.А., Чебаненко С.И., Джалилов Ф.С.Tarakanov R.I., Medvedeva V.V., Evseev P.V., Savoskina O.A., Chebanenko S.I., Dzhalilov F.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/991

   Sclerotinia sclerotiorum – опасный широкоспециализированный некротрофный фитопатоген, поражающий около 400 видов растений, включая такие экономически важные культуры, как подсолнечник, рапс, соя и др.). Этот гриб вызывает белую гниль (син. – склеротиниоз) – одну из самых вредоносных болезней, особенно в регионах с прохладным и влажным климатом. Возбудитель S. sclerotiorum имеет простой жизненный цикл, в котором заражение происходит либо мицелием из покоящихся склероциев в почве, либо аскоспорами из апотециев. Патоген может проникать через прикорневую часть стебля либо аэрогенно через цветки и отмершие ткани растений. Посевы сои в России постоянно расширяются, поэтому патоген представляет особую проблему, приводя к значительным потерям урожая. В данном обзоре обобщены современные данные о биологии S. sclerotiorum, механизмах патогенности и взаимодействия с растением-хозяином, путях его распространения и об оценке вредоносности. Рассмотрены методы мониторинга и диагностики белой гнили сои, существующие методы защиты (агротехнические, биологические и химические), а также достижения и проблемы в селекции сои на устойчивость к белой гнили. В заключение обсуждаются перспективные направления исследований, направленные на разработку более эффективных и экологически безопасных методов защиты сои от S. sclerotiorum.

   Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a dangerous, highly specialized necrotrophic phytopathogen that infects approximately 400 plant species, including economically important crops such as sunflower, rape-seed, soybean, and others. This fungus causes white mold (syn. sclerotiniosis), one of the most destructive diseases, especially in regions with cool and humid climates. The pathogen S. sclerotiorum has a simple life cycle, where infection occurs either via mycelium from dormant sclerotia in the soil or by ascospores from apothecia. The pathogen can penetrate through the stem base or aerially through flowers and dead plant tissues. Soybean cultivation in Russia is continuously expanding, and therefore the pathogen poses a particular problem, leading to significant yield losses. This review summarizes current data on the biology of S. sclerotiorum, its mechanisms of pathogenicity and interaction with the host plant, dissemination pathways, and impact assessment. It also covers methods for monitoring and diagnosing soybean white mold, existing control methods (agronomic, biological, and chemical), as well as achievements and challenges in soybean breeding for white mold resistance. In conclusion, promising research directions are discussed, aimed at developing more effective and environmentally safe methods for protecting soybeans from S. sclerotiorum.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.