izvestiiatimacadИзвестия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академииIZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY0021-342XФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязеваizvestiiatimacad-968Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯ, БИОЛОГИЯ И ВЕТЕРИНАРНАЯ МЕДИЦИНАLIVESTOCK BREEDING, BIOLOGY AND VETERINARY MEDICINEГенетические аспекты комолости у овец (обзор)Genetic aspects of polledness in sheep (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-8080СелионоваМ. И.SelionovaM. I.

Марина Ивановна Селионова, д-р биол. наук, профессор РАН, проректор по научной работе

127550, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49

Marina I. Selionova, DSc (Bio), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vice-Rector for Research

49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127550

selionova@rgau-msha.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-7293ЕвлагинаД. Д.EvlaginaD. D.

Дарья Дмитриевна Евлагина, канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник

г. Михайловск, ул. Никонова, 49

Daria D. Evlagina, CSc (Bio), Senior Research Associate

49 Nikonova St., Mikhailovsk, Shpakovsky district, Stavropol Krai, 356241

d1319731@yandex.ruРоссийский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. ТимирязеваРоссияRussian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyRussian FederationСеверо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центрРоссияNorth Caucasian Federal Scientific Agrarian CenterRussian Federation20251307202503151166Copyright © Селионова М.И., Евлагина Д.Д., 20252025Селионова М.И., Евлагина Д.Д.Selionova M.I., Evlagina D.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/968

Анализ основного генетического механизма наличия или отсутствия рогов интересен как с точки зрения понимания эволюционных процессов, так и с точки зрения экономической выгоды разведения комолых животных. Во многих странах развитого овцеводства в последние годы одним важных селекционных признаков является создание комолых пород овец, поскольку доказаны большая технологичность при их разведении и меньшие затраты кормов при получении продукции. Картирование генетической изменчивости с конкретным локусом-кандидатом позволяет наиболее точно оценить влияние отдельных аллелей, связь между генотипом и фенотипом рогатости и комолости. В статье представлен анализ современного состояния исследований, направленных на поиск генов и геномных регионов комолости у овец и возможности использования геномного подхода в селекционных программах по выведению комолых пород. Показано, что механизм наследования комолости сложен, поскольку формирование этого признака различается между полами и ни одна генетическая модель с одним локусом с полной пенетрантностью не может объяснить его фенотипическую изменчивость как внутри пород, так и между ними. Продемонстрировано, что генмаркер RXFP2 (рецептор 2 релаксина/инсулиноподобного семейства пептидов) перспективен для дальнейшего изучения у разных пород с целью его использования в селекционных программах. Для наиболее полного понимания механизма влияния различных аллелей RXFP2 на морфологию рогов, а также для получения комолых животных перспективными являются методы геномного редактирования и транскриптомного анализа. Накопление новых знаний в данной области позволит сформировать наиболее полное представление о генетических механизмах фенотипа комолости у овец.

The analysis of the genetic mechanisms underlying the presence or absence of horns is of interest both for understanding evolutionary processes and for realizing the economic benefits of breeding polled animals. The creation of polled sheep breeds has become an important breeding goal in many countries with developed sheep breeding industries, as these breeds are more technologically efficient to manage and require less feed. Mapping genetic variability to specific candidate loci allows the most accurate assessment of the influence of individual alleles and the genotype-phenotype relationship of hornedness and polledness. This review analyzes the current state of research aimed at identifying genes and genomic regions associated with polledness in sheep, and explores the potential of using genomic approaches in breeding programs for polled breeds. The inheritance of polledness is complex, as its expression differs between sexes, and no single-locus model with complete penetrance can fully explain the observed phenotypic variability within and between breeds. The RXFP2 (relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2) marker gene is shown to be promising for further study in different breeds for use in breeding programmes. Genome editing and transcriptome analysis are promising approaches to fully understand the mechanism by which different *RXFP2* alleles influence horn morphology and to develop polled animals. Accumulating knowledge in this area will enable a more complete understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the polled phenotype in sheep.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.