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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvestiiatimacad</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-342X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/0021-342X-2024-2-93-109</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvestiiatimacad-580</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЕ, РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВО, ЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGRONOMY, CROP PRODUCTION, PLANT PROTECTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ежа сборная (Dactylis glomerata L.) – кормовая культура универсального использования в адаптивном лугопастбищном хозяйстве (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) As an universal forage crop in adaptive grassland farming (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарев</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazarev</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лазарев Николай Николаевич, д-р с.-х. наук, профессор, кафедра растениеводства и луговых экосистем.</p><p>127434, Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49, тел.: тел.: (499) 976–10–05</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay N. Lazarev - DSc (Agr), Professor, Professor at the Department of Crop Production and Meadow Ecosystems.</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434; phones: (499) 976–10–05, (985) 723–38–12</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lazarevnick2012@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шитикова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shitikova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шитикова Александра Васильевна - д-р с.-х. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой растениеводства и луговых экосистем.</p><p>127434, Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49, тел.: (499) 976–13–75</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra V. Shitikova - DSc (Agr), Professor, Нead of the Department of Crop Production and Meadow Ecosystems.</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434; phone: (499) 976–13–75</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plant@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куренкова</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurenkova</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куренкова Евгения Михайловна - канд. с.-х. наук, доцент, ассистент, кафедра растениеводства и луговых экосистем.</p><p>127434, Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49, тел.: (499) 976–10–05</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya M. Kurenkova - CSc (Agr), Associate Professor, Assistant at the Department of Crop Production and Meadow Ecosystems.</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434; phone: (499) 976–10–05</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekurenkova@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кухаренкова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukharenkova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кухаренкова Ольга Владимировна - канд. с.-х. наук, доцент, кафедра растениеводства и луговых экосистем.</p><p>127434, Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49; тел.: (499) 976–10–05</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Kukharenkova - CSc (Agr), Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of Crop Production and Meadow Ecosystems.</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434; phone: (499) 976–10–05</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kucharaov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дикарева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dikareva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дикарева Светлана Александровна - аспирант, ассистент кафедры растениеводства и луговых экосистем.</p><p>127434, Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49; тел.: (499) 976–10–05</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Dikareva - postgraduate student of the Department of Crop Production and Meadow Ecosystems.</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434; phone: (499) 976–10–05</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fotinia-11@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тяжкороб</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyazhkorob</surname><given-names>А. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тяжкороб Андрей Романович - ассистент кафедры растениеводства и луговых экосистем.</p><p>127434, Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49; тел.: (499) 976–10–05</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey R. Tyazhkorob - Assistant at the Department of Crop Production and Meadow Ecosystems.</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434; phone: (499) 976–10–05</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plant@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный аграрный университет - МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow State Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лазарев Н.Н., Шитикова А.В., Куренкова Е.М., Кухаренкова О.В., Дикарева С.А., Тяжкороб А.Р., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лазарев Н.Н., Шитикова А.В., Куренкова Е.М., Кухаренкова О.В., Дикарева С.А., Тяжкороб А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lazarev N.N., Shitikova A.V., Kurenkova E.M., Kukharenkova O.V., Dikareva S.A., Tyazhkorob А.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/580">https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/580</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены обобщенные результаты отечественной и зарубежной литературы по биолого-экологическим особенностям и использованию ежи сборной в кормопроизводстве. В России и мире ежа сборная является одним из наиболее распространенных видов на природных и сеяных лугах. При достаточной обеспеченности азотом она превосходит другие травы по конкурентной способности и урожайности, обеспечивая в различных регионах России от 5 до 12 т/га сухой массы. При оптимальных режимах использования ее продуктивное долголетие составляет 8–10 лет и более. Ежа сборная обеспечивает получение от 3 до 5 укосов за сезон, является устойчивой к выпасу животных. В системе укосного зеленого конвейера она обеспечивает получение наиболее ранних кормов в весенний период. Обладая высокой агрессивностью, ежа сборная быстро вытесняет другие травы из травостоев, поэтому чаще возделывается в монокультуре. Она имеет хорошую облиственность и при использовании до наступления фазы выметывания накапливает 15–25% сырого протеина. Ежа сборная превосходит овсяницу луговую, райграс пастбищный, тимофеевку луговую по засухоустойчивости, но, как и райграс, может изреживаться в зимне-весенние периоды при неблагоприятных условиях перезимовки, имеет слабую устойчивость к затоплению и близкому залеганию грунтовых вод. Высокая теневыносливость позволяет использовать ее для залужения междурядий в плодовых садах при дерново-перегнойной системе их содержания. Это способствует повышению плодородия почв и качества получаемых плодов. В условиях потепления климата ежа сборная может расширить свой ареал на территории России.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review summarizes the results of domestic and foreign literature on the biological and ecological characteristics and use of orchardgrass in forage production. In Russia and the world, the orchardgrass is one of the most widespread species in natural and seeded meadows. With a sufficient supply of nitrogen, it surpasses other grasses in terms of competitiveness and yield, producing 5 to 12 t/ha of dry matter in different regions of Russia. Under optimal conditions of use, its productive longevity is 8 to 10 years or more. Orchardgrass provides 3 to 5 cuttings per season and is resistant to animal grazing. It provides the earliest fodder in the spring in the green mowing system. Orchardgrass is highly aggressive and will quickly displace other grasses from a sward, so it is often grown in monoculture. It has good foliage and accumulates 15 to 25% crude protein when used before the heading phase. Orchardgrass is superior to meadow fescue, perennial ryegrass, and timothy in terms of drought resistance, but like ryegrass it can be thinned out in the winter-spring period under unfavorable overwintering conditions, and has poor resistance to flooding and near groundwater. Its high shade tolerance makes it suitable for interrow sowing in turf-humus orchards. This improves soil fertility and fruit quality. Under conditions of climate warming, orchardgrass may expand its range in Russia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ежа сборная</kwd><kwd>урожайность</kwd><kwd>отавность</kwd><kwd>долголетие</kwd><kwd>засухоустойчивость</kwd><kwd>зимостойкость</kwd><kwd>питательность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>orchard grass</kwd><kwd>productivity</kwd><kwd>recovery ability</kwd><kwd>longevity</kwd><kwd>drought resistance</kwd><kwd>winter hardiness</kwd><kwd>nutritional value</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Адоян А.Р. Долголетние культурные пастбища Йыгеваской государственной селекционной станции. – Таллин: Эстгосиздат, 1955. – 28 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adoyan A.R. 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