izvestiiatimacadИзвестия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академииIZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY0021-342XФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева10.26897/0021-342X-2024-2-5-24izvestiiatimacad-571Research ArticleАГРОХИМИЯ, ПОЧВОВЕДЕНИЕ, ЭКОЛОГИЯAGROCHEMISTRY, SOIL SCIENCE AND ECOLOGYОценка длительного воздействия бессменного выращивания различных сельскохозяйственных культур на микробные сообщества почвыEvaluation of the long-term effects of the permanent cropping on soil microbial communitiesАльсаедН.AlsayedN.

Альсаед Нур - соискатель кафедры микробиологии и иммунологии, РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева.

Nour Alsayed - Applicant at the Department of Microbiology and Immunology.

49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127550

nooranooranooa92@gmail.comСелицкаяО. В.SelitskayaO. V.

Селицкая Ольга Валентиновна - канд. биол. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры микробиологии и иммунологии, РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева

Olga V. Selitskaya - CSc (Bio), Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of Microbiology and Immunology.

49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127550

oselitskaya@rgau-msha.ruПоздняковЛ. А.PozdnyakovL. A.

Поздняков Лев Анатольевич - канд. биол. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры биологии почв МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова.

Lev A. Pozdnyakov - CSc (Bio), Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of Soil Biology.

1 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991

apl-223@mail.ruЗаверткинИ. А.ZavertkinI. A.

Заверткин Игорь Анатольевич - канд. с.-х. наук, доцент, и.о. заведующего кафедрой земледелия и методики опытного дела, РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева

Igor A. Zavertkin - CSc (Agr), Associate Professor, Acting Head of the Department of Agriculture and Experimental Methodology.

49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127550

izavyortkin@rgau-msha.ruШубинаЕ. А.ShubinaE. A.

Шубина Екатерина Александровна - студент, РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева

Ekaterina A. Shubina - Student.

49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127550

ketshu@mail.ruРоссийский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. ТимирязеваРоссияRussian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyRussian FederationМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation20240905202402524Copyright © Альсаед Н., Селицкая О.В., Поздняков Л.А., Заверткин И.А., Шубина Е.А., 20242024Альсаед Н., Селицкая О.В., Поздняков Л.А., Заверткин И.А., Шубина Е.А.Alsayed N., Selitskaya O.V., Pozdnyakov L.A., Zavertkin I.A., Shubina E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/571

Проведены исследования почвенных микробных сообществ под разными сельскохозяйственными растениями (лен, клевер, ячмень, картофель, озимая рожь), выращиваемыми в бессменных посевах и севообороте. Изучено влияние бессменного посева и севооборота на таксономический профиль прокариотической и грибной составляющих почвенного микробиома. Произведена оценка влияния бессменного выращивания культур и севооборота на фоне без внесения минеральных и органических удобрений на интенсивность метаболизма и устойчивость почвенной биоты. Объектом исследований служил Длительный опыт Российского государственного аграрного университета – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева, заложенный в 1912 г. профессором А.Г. Дояренко. Показано, что у грибов наибольшее значение операционной таксономической единицы (ОТЕ) было в почве под паром и севооборотом. Для прокариот, напротив, количество ОТЕ было самым низким в варианте севооборота. Установлено, что аскомицеты являются доминирующим таксоном грибов во всех исследованных образцах. У прокариот доминировали Proteobacteria и Acidobacteriota, далее – Actinobacteriota и Firmicutes, и в меньшей степени представлены Chloroflexi. Среди архей преобладал филум Crenarcheota. Показано, что бессменное выращивание культур в целом негативно сказывается на функционировании микробного сообщества. При оптимальном значении метаболического коэффициента 0,2 при монокультуре они достигали 0,6. Устойчивость микробного сообщества почвы снижена в результате бессменного выращивания картофеля, льна и клевера на фоне без внесения органических и минеральных удобрений, а также в варианте «вечного пара». Особенно неблагоприятные условия были отмечены при монокультуре картофеля. Бессменное выращивание зерновых, особенно озимой ржи, не ведет к существенному снижению активности почвенной биоты и устойчивости микробных сообществ почв. Севооборот позволяет оптимизировать микробиологические процессы в почве и повысить устойчивость микробного сообщества.

The study of soil microbial communities under different agricultural crops (flax, clover, barley, potato, winter rye) grown in permanent cropping and crop rotation was carried out. The effect of permanent cropping and crop rotation on the taxonomic profile of the prokaryotic and fungal components of the soil microbiome was studied. The effect of permanent cropping and crop rotation on the metabolic intensity and stability of soil biota in the absence of mineral and organic fertilisers was assessed. The subject of the research was the long-term experience established in 1912 by Professor A.G. Doyarenko at the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, founded in 1912 by Professor A.G. Doyarenko. It was shown that the highest OUT (operational taxonomic units) values for fungi were found in soils under fallow and crop rotation. For prokaryotes, however, the crop rotation variant had the lowest number of OTUs. Ascomycetes were found to be the dominant fungal taxon in all samples studied. Prokaryotes were dominated by Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota, followed by Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi were represented to a lesser extent. Among the archaea, the Crenarcheota phylum was dominant. It was shown that continuous cultivation of crops generally has a negative effect on the functioning of the microbial community. With an optimal metabolic coefficient of 0.2 in monoculture, they reached 0.6. The sustainability of the soil microbial community is reduced by the continuous cultivation of potatoes, flax and clover without organic and mineral fertilizers, as well as by the “perpetual fallow” option. Particularly unfavorable conditions were found in potato monoculture. Continuous cultivation of cereals, especially winter rye, does not lead to a significant decrease in the activity of soil biota and the stability of soil microbial communities. Crop rotation makes it possible to optimize microbiological processes in the soil and to increase the stability of the soil microbial community.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.