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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvestiiatimacad</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-342X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/0021-342X-2024-2-110-126</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvestiiatimacad-557</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЕ, РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВО, ЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGRONOMY, CROP PRODUCTION, PLANT PROTECTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оптимизация молекулярно-генетической диагностики возбудителей фузариозов на озимой тритикале (×Triticosecale Wittm. &amp; A. Camus)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Optimization of molecular diagnostics of fusarium pathogens in winter triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. &amp; A. Camus)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2786-9860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шварцев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvartsev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шварцев Алексей Анатольевич - научный сотрудник ООО «Синтол», аспирант РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева.</p><p>127434, Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49; 127434, Москва, Тимирязевская ул., 42; тел.: (925) 161–15–63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Shvartsev - Research Associate at OOO “Syntol”, postgraduate student, RSAU – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy.</p><p>42 Timiryzevskaya St., Moscow, 127434; 49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127550; phone: (925) 161–15–63</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexey.sva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конышева</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konysheva</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Конышева Мария Леонидовна - научный сотрудник.</p><p>127434, Москва, Тимирязевская ул., 42; тел.: (920) 627–04–90</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marya L. Konysheva - Research Associate.</p><p>42 Timiryzevskaya St., Moscow, 127434; phone: (967) 627–04–90</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mariakorolewa@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савинова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savinova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савинова Софья Алексеевна - научный сотрудник.</p><p>127434, Москва, Тимирязевская ул., 42; тел.: (967) 135–13–59</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofya A. Savinova - Research Associate.</p><p>42 Timiryzevskaya St., Moscow, 127434; phone: (920) 135–13–59</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sofasavinova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>Я. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>Ya. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеев Яков Игоревич - канд. биол. наук, директор по науке ООО «Синтол», ведущий научный сотрудник ИАП РАН; ФГБУН Институт аналитического приборостроения РАН.</p><p>127434, Москва, Тимирязевская ул., 42; 198095, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Ивана черных, 31–33; тел.: (916) 628–00–31</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yakov I. Alekseev - CSc (Bio), Director of Science, OOO “Syntol”, Leading Research Associate, Institute for Analytical Instrumentation RAS.</p><p>42 Timiryzevskaya St., Moscow, 127434; 31–33, Ivana Chernykh St., St. Petersburg, 198095; phone: (916) 628–00–31</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jalex2071@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пыльнев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pylnev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пыльнев Владимир Валентинович - д-р биол. наук, профессор кафедры генетики, селекции и семеноводства РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева.</p><p>127434, Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49; тел.: (915) 093–07–85</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Pylnev - DSc (Bio), Professor at the Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production.</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127550; phone: (915) 093–07–85</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pyl8@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «НПФ Синтол»; Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC “Research and Production Company Syntol”; Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «НПФ Синтол»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC “Research and Production Company Syntol”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «НПФ Синтол»; Институт аналитического приборостроения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC “Research and Production Company Syntol”; Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>110</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шварцев А.А., Конышева М.Л., Савинова С.А., Алексеев Я.И., Пыльнев В.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шварцев А.А., Конышева М.Л., Савинова С.А., Алексеев Я.И., Пыльнев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shvartsev A.A., Konysheva M.L., Savinova S.A., Alekseev Y.I., Pylnev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/557">https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/557</self-uri><abstract><p>Грибные фитопатогены являются одними из самых распространенных и опасных возбудителей болезней растений, заражение которыми приводит к существенным потерям урожая и значительным экономическим затратам. Наибольший ущерб сельскохозяйственным культурам наносят грибы рода Fusarium, что делает изучение их распространения, видового разнообразия и методов диагностики более востребованным с каждым годом. В селекционной работе это изучение имеет особое значение. Определение видового состава данного патогена позволяет не только оценить степень заражения, но и проводить превентивную селекцию на устойчивость к фузариозу. Целью исследований являлась апробация разработанных праймеров и зондов для выявления наиболее распространенных представителей рода Fusarium – таких, как F. culmorum, F. graminearum и F. poae. В качестве материала для исследований использовали образцы чистых культур грибов, полученных из разных коллекций микроорганизмов. Изучалось 35 сортов озимой тритикале из коллекции РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева. Для проведения видовой дифференциации исследуемых видов были сконструированы олигонуклеотиды на фрагмент гена Galactose oxidase (GalOx) и гомологичных ему генов из базы данных NCBI. Диагностика проводилась методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени (ПЦР-РВ). Были определены основные аналитические характеристики разработанных праймеров – такие, как специфичность и чувствительность. Скрининг 35 сортов озимой тритикале показал их поражение грибами рода Fusarium. Выявлено, что преобладающим видом является F. poae, который был обнаружен у 95,2% сортов. Для F. graminearum было обнаружено, что наибольшее распространение приходится на период с 2020 по 2021 гг., когда заражение образцов тритикале составило 31,4 и 91,4% соответственно. Наименьшее заражение было видом F. culmorum, который обнаружен только у 20% всех образцов. Дополнительно были обнаружены сорта озимой тритикале урожая 2022 г., которые меньше всего подвержены заражению изучаемыми видами: К-1–19 № 14 К-3851 ПРАГ502 (Дагестан) и К-1–19 № 42 К3727 СНТ-5/92 (Омская обл.).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Phytopathogenic fungi are among the most common and dangerous plant pathogens, causing significant crop losses and considerable economic costs. The greatest damage to agricultural crops is caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium, making the study of their distribution, species diversity and diagnostic methods more in demand every year. This is particularly important for breeding purposes. The determination of the species composition of this pathogen allows not only to evaluate the level of infestation, but also to perform preventive selection for resistance to Fusarium. The aim of the study was to test the developed primers and probes for the identification of the most common representatives of the genus Fusarium such as F. culmorum, F. graminearum and F. poae. Pure cultures of fungi obtained from different collections of microorganisms were used as research material. We studied 35 varieties of winter triticale from the RSAU-MTAA collection. In order to differentiate the studied species, oligonucleotides were designed for a fragment of the Galactose oxidase (GalOx) gene and its homologous genes from the NCBI database. Diagnosis was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The main analytical characteristics of the developed primers such as specificity and sensitivity were determined. Screening of 35 varieties of winter triticale showed their infestation with fungi of the genus Fusarium. It was revealed that the predominant species was F. poae, which was found in 95.2% of the varieties. For F. graminearum, the highest prevalence was found between 2020 and 2021, when the infestation of triticale samples was 31.4% and 91.4%, respectively. F. culmorum had the lowest percentage of infestation, being found in only 20% of all samples. In addition, the winter triticale varieties of the 2022 harvest K-1–19#14 K-3851 PRAG502 (Dagestan) and K-1–19#42 K3727 SNT-5/92 (Omsk region) were identified as the least susceptible to infestation by the studied species of fungi.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>селекция на устойчивость</kwd><kwd>грибные фитопатогены</kwd><kwd>Fusarium</kwd><kwd>ПЦР в реальном времени</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>озимая тритикале</kwd><kwd>видовое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>зараженность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breeding for resistance</kwd><kwd>phytopathogenic fungi</kwd><kwd>Fusarium</kwd><kwd>real-time PCR</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>winter triticale</kwd><kwd>species diversity</kwd><kwd>infestation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голиков Н.Н. 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