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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvestiiatimacad</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-342X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/0021-342X-2024-1-121-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvestiiatimacad-454</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Развитие сельского хозяйства в отдельных странах, находящихся под санкциями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural development in selected countries under sanctions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6888-6416</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гатаулина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gataulina</surname><given-names>E. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гатаулина Екатерина Александровна, в.н.с., канд. экон. наук</p><p>119571, г. Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 84, стр. 1</p><p>тел.: (499) 956-95-51</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Gataulina, Leading Research Associate, CSc (Econ)</p><p>84 Vernadskiy Ave., Bldg 1, Moscow, 119571</p><p>phone: (499) 956-95-51</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gataulina@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6071-9787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapova</surname><given-names>A. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Потапова Александра Андреевна, н.с.</p><p>119571, г. Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 84, стр. 1</p><p>тел.: (499) 956-95-51</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra A. Potapova, Research Associate</p><p>84 Vernadskiy Ave., Bldg 1, Moscow, 119571</p><p>phone: (499) 956-95-51</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">potapova-aa@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр агропродовольственной политики ИПЭИ РАНХиГС</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Agri-Food Policy, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гатаулина Е.А., Потапова А.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гатаулина Е.А., Потапова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gataulina E.А., Potapova A.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/454">https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/454</self-uri><abstract><p>В мире все чаще применяются санкции для достижения экономических и политических целей их инициаторов. Как правило, санкции нацелены на основные секторы экономики включая торговлю и финансы, применяются также против отдельных лиц и компаний. При этом сельское хозяйство и продовольственное обеспечение формально выводятся из-под ограничений ввиду гуманитарных соображений, однако фактически все равно испытывают негативное воздействие, являясь неотъемлемой частью экономики. Во многих странах действие санкций усугубляются другими факторами внутренней нестабильности: военными конфликтами, природными катаклизмами, а также просчетами в управлении. В статье анализируется динамика сельскохозяйственного производства, использования средств производства, а также отдельные показатели продовольственной безопасности на примере 5 государств, находящихся под санкционным давлением (Иран, Сирия, Венесуэла, Куба и Корейская Народно-Демократическая Республика). Целью исследований является анализ развития сельскохозяйственного сектора в данных государствах в условиях санкций. Выявлено, что санкции наносят серьезный удар по экономике, в том числе по сельскому хозяйству, но не влияют на смену режимов государств, на что они, собственно, и были нацелены их инициаторами. Воздействие санкций усиливается в случае введения вторичных санкций и создания широкой коалиции. Кроме того, одновременное применение финансовых и торговых санкций оказывает более выраженный неблагоприятный эффект. Вместе с внутренней нестабильностью санкции значительно повышают составной индекс глобального голода, повышая уровень недоедания населения в стране, а также отрицательно сказываются на доступности и стабильности продовольственного обеспечения, усиливая импортозависимость и повышая цены на продовольствие. Для всех рассмотренных стран совокупность ограничений привела к снижению производительности сельского хозяйства и доступа к ресурсам, что повлияло на сокращение сельскохозяйственного производства. В то же время отмечается способность отрасли адаптироваться к складывающимся условиям.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The world is increasingly using sanctions to achieve the economic and political goals of their initiators. They tend to target key sectors of the economy, including trade and finance. Sanctions are also applied to individuals and companies. At the same time, agriculture and food security are formally exempted from restrictions on humanitarian grounds, but are still negatively affected because they are an integral part of the economy. In many countries, the effects of sanctions are compounded by other factors of internal instability, such as military conflicts, natural disasters, and mismanagement. This article analyzes the dynamics of agricultural production, the use of production inputs and some indicators of food security in five countries under sanctions pressure (Iran, Syria, Venezuela, Cuba, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea). The aim is to analyze the development of the agricultural sector in these countries under sanctions. It is found that sanctions are a severe blow to the economy, including agriculture, but do not affect regime change, which is the ultimate goal of their initiators. The impact of sanctions is amplified in the case of secondary sanctions and the creation of a broad coalition. Moreover, the simultaneous application of financial and trade sanctions has a more pronounced negative effect. In addition to internal instability, sanctions significantly raise the composite Global Hunger Index, increasing the level of undernourishment in a country and negatively affecting the availability and stability of food supplies, while also increasing import dependence and food prices. In all the countries analyzed, the combination of constraints has led to a decline in agricultural productivity and access to resources, which has reduced agricultural production. At the same time, the industry is demonstrating its ability to adapt to prevailing conditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>санкции</kwd><kwd>сельское хозяйство</kwd><kwd>дефицит средств производства</kwd><kwd>продовольственная безопасность</kwd><kwd>индекс голода</kwd><kwd>военные конфликты</kwd><kwd>жесткое государственное регулирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sanctions</kwd><kwd>agriculture</kwd><kwd>lack of production resources</kwd><kwd>food security</kwd><kwd>hunger index</kwd><kwd>military conflicts</kwd><kwd>strict government regulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егупец А. 40 лет санкций: как Иран переживает экономическую блокаду Запада // Коммерсантъ, 19.03.2022. URL:https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5269023?from=glavnoe_3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egupets A. 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