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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvestiiatimacad</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-342X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/0021-342X-2023-3-108-127</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvestiiatimacad-375</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗООТЕХНИЯ, БИОЛОГИЯ И ВЕТЕРИНАРНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LIVESTOCK BREEDING, BIOLOGY AND VETERINARY MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К вопросу генетического улучшения плодовитости овец</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>To the issue of genetic improvement of prolificacy in sheep</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-8080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селионова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Selionova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селионова Марина Ивановна, д-р биол. наук, профессор РАН, заведующий кафедрой разведения, генетики и биотехнологии животных</p><p>127550, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 52</p><p>тел.: (499) 976–34–34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina I. Selionova, DSc (Bio), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Animal Breeding</p><p>49, Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434</p><p>phone: (499) 976–34–34</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">selionova@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-3210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айбазов</surname><given-names>А.-М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aybazov</surname><given-names>А.-М. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айбазов Али-Магомет Муссаевич, д-р с.-х. наук, профессор, главный научныйсотрудник</p><p>355004, Ставропольский край, г. Ставрополь, пер. Зоотехнический, 15</p><p>тел.: (8652) 71–95–59</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ali-Magomet M. Aybazov, DSc (Ag), Professor, Chief Research Associate</p><p>15, Zootekhnicheskiy Lane, Stavropol, 355002</p><p>phone: (8652) 71–95–59</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">velikii-1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Caucasus Federal Agrarian Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>127</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Селионова М.И., Айбазов А.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Селионова М.И., Айбазов А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Selionova M.I., Aybazov А.М.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/375">https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/375</self-uri><abstract><p>Большинство пород овец являются малоплодными, что наряду с другими причинами приводит к низкой рентабельности отрасли. В интенсивных системах промышленного овцеводства высокая плодовитость овец может повысить эффективность производства продукции овцеводства. Скрещивание малоплодных пород с многоплодными породами было основным средством генетического улучшения плодовитости, в то время как внутрипородный отбор считался относительно неэффективным по причине низкой наследуемости признака. Мутации, достоверно влияющие на скорость овуляции и, следовательно, на количество ягнят, были обнаружены у нескольких пород по всему миру в генах, обозначенных как «основные гены» плодовитости. Большинство этих мутаций картируется в генах, связанных с суперсемейством TGFβ. Генотипирование по этим основным генам позволяет применять метод селекции с помощью маркеров для скрещиваний с целью интрогрессии полезных мутаций в новые породы. Анализ митохондриальной ДНК, полногеномные ассоциативные исследования (GWAS), секвенирование всего генома, анализ транскриптома и протеомные исследования овец с высокой и низкой многоплодностью выявили дополнительные генетические вариации со средним или незначительным влиянием на плодовитость. Использование информации о полиморфизме в этих «средних» и «второстепенных» генах может облегчить селекционную работу на более высокую плодовитость в рамках конкретной производственной системы. Несмотря на то, что высокая плодовитость может быть связана с риском токсикоза беременности у овец, увеличением эмбриональной смертности, уменьшением сохранности ягнят в раннем постнатальном онтогенезе, а также с высоким риском сокращения продуктивного долголетия овец, перспектива заключается в том, чтобы идентифицировать набор генов с умеренным влиянием на плодовитость.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Most sheep breeds are low-prolific, which, along with other reasons, leads to low profitability of the industry. In intensive systems of industrial sheep breeding, high prolificacy of sheep can increase the efficiency of sheep production. Cross-breeding of low-prolific breeds with high-prolific breeds has been the main means of genetic improvement of prolificacy, while intra-breed selection has been considered relatively ineffective due to low heritability of the trait. Mutations that reliably affect ovulation rate and hence lamb numbers have been found in several breeds around the world in genes designated as “major genes”. Most of these mutations are mapped in genes related to the TGFβ superfamily. Genotyping for these major genes permits the use of a marker-assisted selection method for crossbreeding to introduce useful mutations into new breeds. Mitochondrial DNA analysis, whole genome association studies (GWAS), whole genome sequencing, transcriptome analysis and proteomic studies of high- and low-prolific sheep have identified additional genetic variations with moderate or minor effects on prolificacy. Using information on polymorphisms in these “medium genes” and “minor genes” may facilitate selection work for higher prolificacy within a particular production system. Although high prolificacy is associated with a risk of pregnancy toxicosis, increased embryonic mortality, reduced lamb survival in early postnatal ontogeny, and a high risk of shortening the productive longevity of sheep, the prospect is to identify a set of genes with moderate effects on prolificacy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>овцы</kwd><kwd>гены плодовитости</kwd><kwd>генная интрогрессия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sheep</kwd><kwd>prolificacy genes</kwd><kwd>gene introgression</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айбазов А.-М.М., Мамонтова Т.В. Эффективное воспроизводство овец и коз: Монография. - Ставрополь: «Ставрополь-Сервис-Школа», 2020. - 212 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aybazov A. - M.M., Mamontova T.V. Efficient Reproduction of Sheep and Goats: Monograph. 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