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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvestiiatimacad</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-342X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/0021-342X-2023-1-66-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvestiiatimacad-266</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЕ, РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВО, ЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGRONOMY, CROP PRODUCTION, PLANT PROTECTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Семенная продуктивность и жизнеспособность семян сорных растений в различных типах почв</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Seed productivity and viability of weed seeds in various soil types</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7500-8275</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курдюкова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurdyukova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курдюкова Ольга Николаевна, профессор, д-р с.-х. наук, доцент</p><p>196605, Санкт-Петербург, г. Пушкин, Петербургское шоссе, 10</p><p>тел.: (952) 577–74–76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Kurdyukova, DSc (Ag), Professor, Associate Professor</p><p>10 Peterburgskoe Highway, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196605</p><p>phone: (952) 577–74–76</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">herbology8@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ленинградский государственный университет имени А.С. Пушкина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pushkin Leningrad State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Курдюкова О.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Курдюкова О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurdyukova O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/266">https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/266</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведены результаты многолетних полевых опытов, заложенных на двух типах почв: черноземных и каштановых. Представлены показатели средней семенной продуктивности более чем 50 видов сорных растений, произрастающих на этих почвах, указана продолжительность жизнеспособности семян, заложенных в слое 0–30 см почвы, качество семян при послойном их размещении в почве, на ее поверхности и при хранении в условиях сухого складского помещения. Выявлено, что самой высокой семенной продуктивностью отличались яровые ранние и зимующие сорные растения на черноземных почвах (более 50 тыс. шт. семян с растения). Установлено, что данные семена сохраняли жизнеспособность в почве от 3 до 6 лет (23 вида) или более 6 лет – 20 видов, и только 3 вида – менее 3 лет. На каштановых почвах семенная продуктивность большинства сорных растений снижалась на 11–26% по сравнению с черноземами. Потеря жизнеспособности семян происходила более интенсивно на каштановых почвах, чем на черноземных. Установлено, что самая низкая жизнеспособность семян на обоих типах почв отмечалась при многолетнем пребывании их на поверхности почвы: через 5 лет она не превышала 12–15%, а через 10 лет – 2–3%, тогда как при расположении в слое 0–10 см черноземных почв она достигала соответственно 36 и 18%, а на каштановых снижалась сильнее и не превышала 26 и 10%. В нижележащих слоях почвы, 10–20 и 20–30 см, более высокая жизнеспособность семян сорных растений оставалась на каштановых почвах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of long-term field experiments on two types of soils (chernozem and kastanozems) are presented. The indicators of average seed productivity of more than 50 species of weeds growing in these soils are presented. The duration of the viability of seeds planted in a 0–30 cm soil layer, the quality of seeds during their layer-by-layer placement in the soil, on its surface and during storage in a dry warehouse is indicated. It was revealed that early spring and wintering weeds in chernozem soils had the highest seed productivity (more than 50 thousand seeds per plant). It was established that these seeds remained viable in the soil from 3 to 6 years (23 species), more than 6 years (20 species), and less than 3 years (only 3 species). In kastanozems soils, the seed productivity of most weeds decreased by 11–26% compared to chernozems. The loss of seed viability occurred more intensively in kastanozems soils than in chernozem soils. It was established that the lowest viability of seeds on both types of soils was observed during their long-term stay on the soil surface: after 5 years it did not exceed 12–15%, and after 10 years – 2–3%, while in the 0–10 cm layer of chernozem soils, it reached 36 and 18%, respectively, and in kastanozems soils it decreased more strongly and did not exceed 26 and 10%. In the lower soil layers, 10–20 and 20–30 cm, higher viability of weed seeds remained in kastanozems soils.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>виды сорняков</kwd><kwd>качество семян</kwd><kwd>слой почвы</kwd><kwd>черноземы</kwd><kwd>каштановые почвы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>weed species</kwd><kwd>seed quality</kwd><kwd>soil layer</kwd><kwd>chernozems</kwd><kwd>kastanozems soils</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виноградова Ю.К., Майоров С.Р., Хорун. Л.В. Черная книга флоры Средней России (Чужеродные виды растений в экосистемах Средней России). –– М.: ГЕОС, 2009. – 502 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinogradova Yu.K., Mayorov S.R., Khorun L.V. 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