<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvestiiatimacad</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-342X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/0021-342X-2021-5-118-130</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvestiiatimacad-233</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЕ, РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВО, ЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGRONOMY, CROP PRODUCTION, PLANT PROTECTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ КЛЕВЕРА ПОЛЗУЧЕГО (TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.) В СЕЯНЫХ ТРАВОСТОЯХ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ИХ СОСТАВА, КРАТНОСТИ СКАШИВАНИЯ И АЗОТНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SUSTAINABILITY OF WHITE CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM REPENS L.) IN SOWN SWARDS DEPENDING ON THEIR COMPOSITION, INTENSITY MOWING AND NITROGEN FERTILIZERS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарев</surname><given-names>Николай Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazarev</surname><given-names>Nikolai N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">lazarevnick2012@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кухаренкова</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukharenkova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">kucharaov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куренкова</surname><given-names>Евгения Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurenkova</surname><given-names>Evgeniya M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ekurenkova@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойцова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boytsova</surname><given-names>Anastasia Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">anastasia.saprykina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный аграрный университет - МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>118</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лазарев Н.Н., Кухаренкова О.В., Куренкова Е.М., Бойцова А.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лазарев Н.Н., Кухаренкова О.В., Куренкова Е.М., Бойцова А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lazarev N.N., Kukharenkova O.V., Kurenkova E.M., Boytsova A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/233">https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/233</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследования проведены в 2008-2020 гг. на полевой опытной станции РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева (г. Москва). Целью исследований являлось определение устойчивости клевера ползучего в смесях с различными видами злаковых трав при двух- и трехкратном скашивании травостоев. В опыте с четырех-пятикомпонентными травосмесями установлено, что доля клевера ползучего в ботаническом составе травостоев с участием райграса пастбищного на четвертый год жизни достигала 36-53%, а в травосмесях с ежой сборной не превышала 22-23%. При внесении азотных удобрений в дозе N180 участие клевера уже на второй год жизни травостоев составляло только 1-27%. По мере старения травостоев отмечалось снижение доли клевера в урожае. На девятый год жизни его количество в травостоях с участием райграса пастбищного без внесения азота уменьшилось до 13-24%, а в агрофитоценозах с ежой и при внесении азота - до 0-14%. В четырехкомпонентных травосмесях с ежой сборной она являлась доминантом, но при перезимовке 2015-2016 гг. она и райграс пастбищный практически полностью выпали из агрофитоценозов. Более устойчивым видом была овсяница тростниковая. Урожайность травосмесей из сортов трав российской селекции в среднем за 8 лет составила 4,16-5,52 т/га сухой массы, из сортов голландской селекции - 4,07-5,24 т/га. Достоверные различия по урожайности между травосмесями на основе райграса пастбищного и ежи сборной не выявлены. При внесении азота в дозе N180 на злаково-бобовых травостоях урожайность возросла только на 31%, и окупаемость удобрений прибавками урожая была низкой - 4,6-8,9 кг сухого вещества на 1 кг азота. Последействие азотных удобрений на урожайность злаково-бобовых травостоев без дополнительного внесения фосфора и калия было недостаточно эффективным. В долголетних трехкомпонентных травостоях, используемых с 14-го по 24-й годы жизни, клевер ползучий был более устойчивым в составе агрофитоценозов при трехкратном скашивании, чем при двухукосном. В годы с благоприятными условиями атмосферного увлажнения доля клевера ползучего при проведении двух и трех укосов достигала соответственно 20,1-34,7 и 2,2-24,3%, а при дефиците влаги снижалась до 0-9,0%. За 26 лет выращивания трав произошло значительное увеличение кислотности почвы: рНKCI снизился с 6,3 до 4,91-5,36, что отрицательно сказалось на устойчивости клевера по мере старения травостоев.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors carried out studies at the experimental field station of Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 2008-2020. The study aimed to determine the resistance of white clover in mixtures with various types of grasses with two- and three-cut clipping treatments. In the experiment with four to five-component mixtures, the proportion of white clover reached 36-53% in the botanical composition of swards with the content of perennial ryegrass in the fourth year of life. It did not exceed 22-23% in the mixtures with cock’s foot. With the application of nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of N180, the clover content in the second year of swards was only 1-27%. With the aging of the swards, the proportion of clover in the harvest decreased. In the ninth year of life, its amount in swards with the content ofperennial ryegrass without nitrogen application decreased to 13-24%, and in agrophytocenoses with cock’s foot and with nitrogen application to 0-14%. The cock’s foot dominated in the four-component grass mixtures, but during the overwintering of 2015-2016, cock’s foot and perennial ryegrass almost entirely dropped out of agrophytocenoses. Tall fescue was a more resistant species. The yield of grass mixtures composed of grass varieties of Russian selection amounted to 4.16-5.52 t/ha of dry weight on average for eight years, and from varieties of Dutch selection, the yield equaled 4.07-5.24 t/ha. There were no significant differences in yield between grass-legume mixtures based on perennial ryegrass and cock’s foot. With the introduction of nitrogen in a dose of N180 on grass/legume herbage, the yield increased by only 31%, and the return on fertilizers by yield increases was low, making up 4.6-8.9 kg of dry matter per 1 kg of nitrogen. The aftereffect of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of grass-legume mixtures without the additional introduction of phosphorus and potassium was insufficiently effective. In long-term three-component swards, used from the 14th to the 24th years of life, white clover was more stable in the composition of agrophytocenoses after three-fold mowing than with two-mowing. In years with favorable atmospheric moisture conditions, the proportion of white clover in two and three mows reached 20.1-34.7 and 2.2-24.3%, respectively, and with a moisture deficit, it decreased to 0-9%. For 26 years of growing grasses, there was a significant increase in soil acidity - pHKCl decreased from 6.3 to 4.91-5.36, which negatively affected the resistance of clover as the herbage was aging.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клевер ползучий</kwd><kwd>злаково-бобовые травосмеси</kwd><kwd>азотные удобрения</kwd><kwd>ботанический состав</kwd><kwd>долголетие</kwd><kwd>урожайность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>white clover</kwd><kwd>grass/legume mixtures</kwd><kwd>nitrogen fertilizers</kwd><kwd>botanical composition</kwd><kwd>longevity</kwd><kwd>productivity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Благовещенский Г.В. Энерго-протеиновый потенциал трав и фуражных культур / Г.В. Благовещенский, В.Д. Штырхунов, В.В. Конончук // Кормопроизводство. - 2016. - № 2. - С. 21-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Благовещенский Г.В. Энерго-протеиновый потенциал трав и фуражных культур / Г.В. Благовещенский, В.Д. Штырхунов, В.В. Конончук // Кормопроизводство. - 2016. - № 2. - С. 21-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лазарев Н.Н. Многолетние бобовые травы в Нечерноземье / Н.Н. Лазарев, А.Д. Прудников, Е.М. Куренкова, А.М. Стародубцева. - М.: Изд-во РГАУ-МСХА, 2017. - 263 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Лазарев Н.Н. Многолетние бобовые травы в Нечерноземье / Н.Н. Лазарев, А.Д. Прудников, Е.М. Куренкова, А.М. Стародубцева. - М.: Изд-во РГАУ-МСХА, 2017. - 263 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Писковацкая Р.Г. Селекция клевера ползучего (Trifolium repens L.) на продуктивность и устойчивость в пастбищных травостоях / Р.Г. Писковацкая, А.М. Макаева // Адаптивное кормопроизводство. - 2017. - № 4. - С. 76-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Писковацкая Р.Г. Селекция клевера ползучего (Trifolium repens L.) на продуктивность и устойчивость в пастбищных травостоях / Р.Г. Писковацкая, А.М. Макаева // Адаптивное кормопроизводство. - 2017. - № 4. - С. 76-81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adamovics A. Productivity and quality of multicomponent grass swards on three soil types / A. Adamovics, I. Gutmane // Grassland science in Europe. - 2016. - Vol. 21. -P. 329-331.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adamovics A. Productivity and quality of multicomponent grass swards on three soil types / A. Adamovics, I. Gutmane // Grassland science in Europe. - 2016. - Vol. 21. -P. 329-331.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carlsson G. Nitrogen fixation in perennial forage legumes in the field / G. Carlsson, K. Huss-Danell // Plant and Soil. - 2003. - Vol. 253. - P. 353-372.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carlsson G. Nitrogen fixation in perennial forage legumes in the field / G. Carlsson, K. Huss-Danell // Plant and Soil. - 2003. - Vol. 253. - P. 353-372.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chapman D.F Management of clover in grazed pastures: expectations limitations and opportunities / D.F. Chapman, A.J. Parsons and S. Schwinning // Woodfield D.R. (ed.) White Clover: New Zealand’s Competitive Edge Grassland Research and Practice Series. -1996. - № 6. - Р. 55-64. Palmerston North: New Zealand Grassland Association.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chapman D.F Management of clover in grazed pastures: expectations limitations and opportunities / D.F. Chapman, A.J. Parsons and S. Schwinning // Woodfield D.R. (ed.) White Clover: New Zealand’s Competitive Edge Grassland Research and Practice Series. -1996. - № 6. - Р. 55-64. Palmerston North: New Zealand Grassland Association.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chapman D. White clover: The forgotten component of high-producing pastures? / D. Chapman, J. Lee, L. Rossi, G. Edwards, J. Pinxterhuis and E. Minnee // Anim. Prod. Sci. - 2017. - Vol. 57. - P. 1269-1276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chapman D. White clover: The forgotten component of high-producing pastures? / D. Chapman, J. Lee, L. Rossi, G. Edwards, J. Pinxterhuis and E. Minnee // Anim. Prod. Sci. - 2017. - Vol. 57. - P. 1269-1276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dineen M. Meta-analysis of the impact of white clover inclusion on milk production of grazing dairy cows / M. Dineen, L. Delaby, T. Gilliland, B. McCarthy // Grassland science in Europe. - 2016. - Vol. 21. - P. 394-396.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dineen M. Meta-analysis of the impact of white clover inclusion on milk production of grazing dairy cows / M. Dineen, L. Delaby, T. Gilliland, B. McCarthy // Grassland science in Europe. - 2016. - Vol. 21. - P. 394-396.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Egan M. Incorporating white clover (Trifolium repens L.) into perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) swards receiving varying levels of nitrogen fertilizer: Effects on milk and herbage production / M. Egan, N. Galvin and D. Hennessy // Journal of Dairy Science. - 2018. - Vol. 101. - № 4. - Р. 3412-3427.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egan M. Incorporating white clover (Trifolium repens L.) into perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) swards receiving varying levels of nitrogen fertilizer: Effects on milk and herbage production / M. Egan, N. Galvin and D. Hennessy // Journal of Dairy Science. - 2018. - Vol. 101. - № 4. - Р. 3412-3427.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher A. Effect of interval between harvests and spring applied fertilizer N on the growth of white clover in mixed swards / А. Fisher, D. Wilman // Grass and Forage Science. - 1995. - Vol. 50. - Р. 162-171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher A. Effect of interval between harvests and spring applied fertilizer N on the growth of white clover in mixed swards / А. Fisher, D. Wilman // Grass and Forage Science. - 1995. - Vol. 50. - Р. 162-171.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guy C. Perennial ryegrass ploidy and white clover: how do they affect sward performance? / C. Guy, D. Hennessy, T.J. Gilliland, F. Coughlan, B. McCarthy // Grassland science in Europe. - 2018. - Vol. 23. - P. 75-77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guy C. Perennial ryegrass ploidy and white clover: how do they affect sward performance? / C. Guy, D. Hennessy, T.J. Gilliland, F. Coughlan, B. McCarthy // Grassland science in Europe. - 2018. - Vol. 23. - P. 75-77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harris S. Optimum white clover content for dairy pastures / S. Harris, D. Clark, M. Auldist, C. Waugh, P. Laboyrie // Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Conference. - 1997. - Vol. 59. - Р 29-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harris S. Optimum white clover content for dairy pastures / S. Harris, D. Clark, M. Auldist, C. Waugh, P. Laboyrie // Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Conference. - 1997. - Vol. 59. - Р 29-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hart A.L. Physiology In Baker M.J., Williams W.M. (ed.) / A.L. Hart // White clover. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK. - 1987. - Р. 125-151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hart A.L. Physiology In Baker M.J., Williams W.M. (ed.) / A.L. Hart // White clover. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK. - 1987. - Р. 125-151.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Humphreys M.O. Genetic improvement of forage crops - past, present and future / M.O. Humphreys // Journal of Agricultural Science. - 2005. - Vol. 30. - P. 288-296.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Humphreys M.O. Genetic improvement of forage crops - past, present and future / M.O. Humphreys // Journal of Agricultural Science. - 2005. - Vol. 30. - P. 288-296.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laidlaw A.S. Temperate forage grass-legume mixtures: advances and perspectives / A.S. Laidlaw, N. Teuber // In Proceedings XIX International Grassland Congress, Sao Paulo, Brazil. - 2001. - P. 85-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laidlaw A.S. Temperate forage grass-legume mixtures: advances and perspectives / A.S. Laidlaw, N. Teuber // In Proceedings XIX International Grassland Congress, Sao Paulo, Brazil. - 2001. - P. 85-92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ledgard S.F. Transfer of fixed nitrogen from white clover to associated grasses in swards grazed by dairy cows estimated using 15N methods / S.F. Ledgard // Plant and Soil. - 1991. - Vol. 131. - Р. 215-223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ledgard S.F. Transfer of fixed nitrogen from white clover to associated grasses in swards grazed by dairy cows estimated using 15N methods / S.F. Ledgard // Plant and Soil. - 1991. - Vol. 131. - Р. 215-223.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levy E.B. Grasslands of New Zealand / E.B. Levy // Government Printer. - Wellington, 1970. - 374 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levy E.B. Grasslands of New Zealand / E.B. Levy // Government Printer. - Wellington, 1970. - 374 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lüscher A. Potential of legume-based grassland-livestock systems in Europe: a review / A. Lüscher, I. Mueller-Harvey J.F. Soussana, R.M. Rees, J.L. Peyraud // Grass and Forage Science. - 2014. - Vol. 69. - P. 206-228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lüscher A. Potential of legume-based grassland-livestock systems in Europe: a review / A. Lüscher, I. Mueller-Harvey J.F. Soussana, R.M. Rees, J.L. Peyraud // Grass and Forage Science. - 2014. - Vol. 69. - P. 206-228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McClearn B. Milk production per cow and per hectare of spring-calving dairy cows grazing swards differing in Lolium perenne L. ploidy and Trifolium repens L. / B. McClearn TJ. Gilliland, L. Delaby, C. Guy, M. Dineen, F. Coughlan, B. McCarthy // Journal of Dairy Science. - 2019. - Vol. 102 - P. 8571-8585.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McClearn B. Milk production per cow and per hectare of spring-calving dairy cows grazing swards differing in Lolium perenne L. ploidy and Trifolium repens L. / B. McClearn TJ. Gilliland, L. Delaby, C. Guy, M. Dineen, F. Coughlan, B. McCarthy // Journal of Dairy Science. - 2019. - Vol. 102 - P. 8571-8585.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peeters A. Temperate legumes: key-species for sustainable temperate mixtures. Proc. 21st General Meeting ofthe European Grassland Federation, Badajoz, Spain / A. Peeters, G. Parente, A. Le Gall // Grassland Science in Europe. - 2006. - Vol. 11. - P. 205-220.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peeters A. Temperate legumes: key-species for sustainable temperate mixtures. Proc. 21st General Meeting ofthe European Grassland Federation, Badajoz, Spain / A. Peeters, G. Parente, A. Le Gall // Grassland Science in Europe. - 2006. - Vol. 11. - P. 205-220.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reynolds S.G. Grasslands: developments, opportunities, perspectives / S.G. Reynolds, J. Frame. - Rome: FAO, 2005. - 539 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reynolds S.G. Grasslands: developments, opportunities, perspectives / S.G. Reynolds, J. Frame. - Rome: FAO, 2005. - 539 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rhodes I. Breeding white clover for tolerance to low temperature and grazing stress / I. Rhodes, R.P. Collins, D.R. Evans // Euphytica. - 1994. - Vol. 77. - Р. 239-242.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rhodes I. Breeding white clover for tolerance to low temperature and grazing stress / I. Rhodes, R.P. Collins, D.R. Evans // Euphytica. - 1994. - Vol. 77. - Р. 239-242.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sheaffer C.C. Forage legumes. Clovers, birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch, crownvetch, sainfoin and alfalfa / C.C. Sheaffer, R.D. Mathison // Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. Station Bulletin. - 1993. - № 597. - 40 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheaffer C.C. Forage legumes. Clovers, birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch, crownvetch, sainfoin and alfalfa / C.C. Sheaffer, R.D. Mathison // Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. Station Bulletin. - 1993. - № 597. - 40 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams E.D. Growing spring cereals in a white clover (Trifolium repens) crop / E.D. Williams, M.J. Hayes // Journal of Agricultural Science. - Gambridge. - 1991. -Vol. 117. - P. 23-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams E.D. Growing spring cereals in a white clover (Trifolium repens) crop / E.D. Williams, M.J. Hayes // Journal of Agricultural Science. - Gambridge. - 1991. -Vol. 117. - P. 23-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
