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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvestiiatimacad</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-342X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/0021-342X-2026-2-67-83</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvestiiatimacad-1234</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА, БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ, СЕЛЕКЦИЯ И СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS, BIOTECHNOLOGY, BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нормализованные спектральные индексы эпидермиса семян как предиктор прорастания средозащитных культур в технологии адаптивного растениеводства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Normalized spectral indices of seed coat as a predictor of germination in shelterbelt crops for adaptive farming technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1230-0433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новиков Артур Игоревич, д-р техн. наук, профессор РАН, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела 140 – управления агротехнологиями и агромониторинга</p><p>195220, г. Санкт-Петербург, Гражданский пр., 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arthur I. Novikov, DSc (Eng), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leading Research Associate at the Department of Agricultural Technologies and Agromonitoring Management</p><p>14 Grazhdanskiy Ave., Saint Petersburg, 195220</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvatdo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-942X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедев Александр Вячеславович, д-р с.-х. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры землеустройства и лесоводства</p><p>127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Lebedev, DSc (Ag), Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of Land Management and Forestry</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alebedev@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1279-3960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новикова Татьяна Петровна, канд. техн. наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>194021, г. Санкт-Петербург, Институтский переулок, 5, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana P. Novikova, CSc (Eng), Associate Professor, Senior Research Associate</p><p>5, Bldg. 1, Institutskiy Ln., Saint Petersburg, 194021</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">novikova_tp.vglta@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Агрофизический научно-исследовательский институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Agrophysical Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный лесотехнический университет имени С.М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Forest Technical University named after S.M. Kirov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Новиков А.И., Лебедев А.В., Новикова Т.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новиков А.И., Лебедев А.В., Новикова Т.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novikov A.I., Lebedev A.V., Novikova T.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/1234">https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/1234</self-uri><abstract><p>В условиях адаптивного растениеводства, ориентированного на устойчивость к стрессорам и ресурсоэффективность, предпосевная оценка качества семян средозащитных культур приобретает критическое значение. Исследования посвящены оценке предиктивного потенциала нормализованных спектральных индексов семенного покрова (эпидермиса) в RGB-пространстве для прогнозирования лабораторно-контейнерной всхожести на примере селекционной формы сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L. cv. Negorelskaya), используемой в защитном лесоразведении. Проанализированы 7 нормализованных индексов, минимизирующих влияние общей яркости: [(R-G-B)/(R+G)]², [(R-B)/(R+B)]², [(G-B)/(G+B)]², [(G-R)/(G+R)]², [(R+G-B)/(R+G+B)]², [(R+B-G)/(R+G+B)]², [(G+B-R)/(R+G+B)]². Для более 1000 индивидуальных семян получены сканерные изображения и оценена контейнерная всхожесть на 50-й день. Установлены статистически значимые различия (p &lt; 0,0001-0,0165) распределений всех индексов между группами с нулевой и ненулевой всхожестью. Выявлены устойчивые спектральные паттерны, ассоциированные с низким потенциалом прорастания: повышенное относительное отражение в красном и зеленом каналах по сравнению с синим, и пониженное – в синем канале относительно красного и зеленого. Результаты демонстрируют возможность интеграции простых, недорогих спектральных маркеров, основанных на RGB-сканировании, в технологические паспорта семян. Такой подход обеспечивает неразрушающий отбор жизнеспособного семенного материала с предсказуемыми свойствами, что является ключевым элементом концепции «целевого растения» для формирования адаптивных, стресс-толерантных полезащитных лесных полос.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In adaptive farming, focused on stress tolerance and resource efficiency, pre-sowing seed quality assessment of shelterbelt crops is critical. The study evaluates the predictive potential of normalized spectral indices of the seed coat (epidermis) in the RGB space for forecasting laboratory-container germination. The research uses as an example a breeding form of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. cv. Negorelskaya), which is used in protective afforestation. Seven normalized indices minimizing the influence of overall brightness were analyzed: [(R-G-B)/(R+G)]², [(R-B)/(R+B)]², [(G-B)/(G+B)]², [(G-R)/(G+R)]², [(R+G-B)/(R+G+B)]², [(R+B-G)/(R+G+B)]², [(G+B-R)/(R+G+B)]². Scanner images were obtained for more than 1 000 individual seeds, and container germination was assessed on the 50th day. Statistically significant differences (p&lt;0.0001-0.0165) in the distributions of all indices were established between zero- and non-zero-germination groups. Stable spectral patterns associated with low germination potential were identified: increased relative reflectance in the red and green channels compared to the blue channel and decreased reflectance in the blue channel relative to the red and green ones. The findings demonstrate the possibility of integrating simple, low-cost spectral markers based on RGB scanning into seed technology passports. This approach enables non-destructive selection of viable seed material with predictable properties. It is a key element of the “Target Plant” concept for establishing adaptive, stress-tolerant forest shelterbelts.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>адаптивное растениеводство</kwd><kwd>средозащитные лесные полосы</kwd><kwd>нормализованные спектральные индексы</kwd><kwd>RGB-сканирование</kwd><kwd>эпидермис семени</kwd><kwd>неразрушающий контроль семян</kwd><kwd>целевое растение</kwd><kwd>Pinus sylvestris L.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adaptive farming</kwd><kwd>forest shelterbelts</kwd><kwd>normalized spectral indices</kwd><kwd>RGB scanning</kwd><kwd>seed coat</kwd><kwd>non-destructive seed testing</kwd><kwd>target plant</kwd><kwd>Pinus sylvestris L.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнены в рамках гранта Санкт-Петербургского научного фонда, № 25-РБ-06-15.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by the Saint Peterburg Science Foundation, grant No. 25-РБ-06-15.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жученко А.А. 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