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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvestiiatimacad</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-342X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/0021-342X-2026-3-47-68</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvestiiatimacad-1163</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА, БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ, СЕЛЕКЦИЯ И СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS, BIOTECHNOLOGY, BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Популяционно-генетический анализ локусов высокомолекулярных глютенинов у образцов яровой мягкой пшеницы различного эколого-географического происхождения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Population-genetic analysis of high molecular weight glutenin loci in spring common wheat accessions of various ecological and geographical origin</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-8163</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Груздев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gruzdev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Викторович Груздев, канд. биол. наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории маркерной и геномной селекции растений; исследователь лаборатории системной геномики и мобиломики растений</p><p>127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 42</p><p>117303, г. Москва, ул. Керченская, 1А, к. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Gruzdev, CSc (Bio), Research Associate at the Laboratory of Marker-Assisted and Genomic Selection of Plants; Research Associate at the Laboratory of Plant Systems Genomics and Mobilomics</p><p>42 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434</p><p>1A Kerchenskaya St., Moscow, 117303</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gruzdev82mtz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8759-1418</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Москалев</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskalev</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Александрович Москалев, аспирант; исследователь лаборатории системной геномики и мобиломики растений</p><p>127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 42</p><p>117303, г. Москва, ул. Керченская, 1А, к. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy A. Moskalev, postgraduate student; Research Associate at the Laboratory of Plant Systems Genomics and Mobilomics</p><p>42 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434</p><p>1A Kerchenskaya St., Moscow, 117303</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">badsaxson@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-4740</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полховская</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polkhovskaya</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Сергеевна Полховская, канд. биол. наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории маркерной и геномной селекции растений; исследователь лаборатории системной геномики и мобиломики растений</p><p>127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 42</p><p>117303, г. Москва, ул. Керченская, 1А, к. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Polkhovskaya, CSc (Bio), Junior Research Associate at the Laboratory of Marker-Assisted and Genomic Selection of Plants; Research Associate at the Laboratory of Plant Systems Genomics and Mobilomics</p><p>42 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434</p><p>1A Kerchenskaya St., Moscow, 117303</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eynzeynkreyn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3885-3837</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киров</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Владимирович Киров, д-р биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории маркерной и геномной селекции растений; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории системной геномики и мобиломики растений</p><p>127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 42</p><p>117303, г. Москва, ул. Керченская, 1А, к. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V Kirov, DSc (Bio), Leading Research Associate at the Laboratory of Marker-Assisted and Genomic Selection of Plants; Leading Research Associate at the Laboratory of Plant Systems Genomics and Mobilomics</p><p>42 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434</p><p>1A Kerchenskaya St., Moscow, 117303</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirovez@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии; Московский физико-технический институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Груздев И.В., Москалев Е.А., Полховская Е.С., Киров И.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Груздев И.В., Москалев Е.А., Полховская Е.С., Киров И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gruzdev I.V., Moskalev E.A., Polkhovskaya E.S., Kirov I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/1163">https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/1163</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведены результаты идентификации высокомолекулярных субъединиц глютенина и определения аллельного состояния локусов Glu-1 у 105 образцов яровой мягкой пшеницы различного эколого-географического происхождения. В ходе работы идентифицировано 3 аллеля локуса Glu-A1, 7 аллелей локуса Glu-B1 и 2 аллеля локуса Glu-D1. Среди идентифицированных аллелей отмечены аллели, оказывающие положительное влияние на показатели технологических свойств зерна и муки мягкой пшеницы. На основе спектра высокомолекулярных глютенинов показано, что 72 образца из числа изученных обладают высоким потенциалом хлебопекарных качеств. Определено распределение частот аллелей локусов Glu-1 у групп образцов яровой мягкой пшеницы, происходящих из разных географических регионов. Отмечена высокая частота встречаемости аллелей Glu-A1b (0,65), Glu-B1с (0,68) и Glu-D1d (0,64). Отмечено, что в случае аллелей Glu-A1b и Glu-D1d их высокая частота встречаемости обусловлена, вероятнее всего, их положительным влиянием на хлебопекарные качества. В свою очередь, высказано предположение того, что высокая частота встречаемости аллеля Glu-B1с может объясняться его позитивным влиянием на продуктивность или способностью противостоять неблагоприятным факторам среды, поскольку он не обеспечивает высокий потенциал технологических свойств. В результате популяционно-генетического анализа установлено невысокое значение генетического разнообразия по изученным локусам (H = 0,45–0,48). Вместе с тем установлен и невысокий показатель внутрипопуляционного разнообразия (μ) по отдельным гомеологичным локусам: в среднем 2,49 ± 0,05 аллеля на локус Glu-A1; 3,71 ± 0,14 аллеля на локус Glu-B1; 1,96 ± 0,01 аллеля на локус Glu-D1. Показано высокое генетическое сходство географических групп изученных образцов яровой мягкой пшеницы по характеру распределения частот аллелей локуса Glu-D1. Отмечено, что сходство по локусам Glu-A1 и Glu-B1 также является значительным, хотя и выражено в меньшей степени. Обозначена тенденция снижения генетического разнообразия в результате  селекционного процесса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit identification and allelic state determination of the Glu-1 loci in 105 spring common wheat accessions of various ecological and geographical origin are presented. A total of three alleles of the Glu-A1 locus, seven alleles of the Glu-B1 locus, and two alleles at the Glu-D1 locus were identified. Among the identified alleles, there are alleles that have a positive effect on the wheat grain and flour technological properties. Based on the high molecular weight glutenin profiles, 72 of the accessions studied were found to possess high baking quality potential. The allele frequency distribution of the Glu-1 loci among spring common wheat accessions originating from different geographic regions was determined. High frequencies of the Glu-A1b (0.65), Glu-B1c (0.68), and Glu-D1d (0.64) alleles were observed. It is suggested that the high frequency of the GluA1b and Glu-D1d alleles is most likely attributable to their positive effect on baking quality. In turn, it is hypothesized that the high frequency of the Glu-B1c allele may be explained by its positive effect on yield or tolerance to adverse environmental factors, since this allele does not confer high potential technological properties. Population genetic analysis revealed relatively low genetic diversity at the loci studied (H= 0.45–0.48). At the same time, low intrapopulation diversity (μ) values were also recorded for individual homeologous loci: on average, 2.49 ± 0.05 alleles per Glu-A1 locus, 3.71 ± 0.14 alleles per Glu-B1 locus, and 1.96 ± 0.01 alleles per Glu-D1 locus. High genetic similarity among the geographic groups of spring common wheat accessions was shown with respect to the allele frequency distribution of the Glu-D1 locus. Similarity at the Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 loci was also substantial, although less pronounced. A trend toward reduced genetic diversity as a result of the breeding process was noted.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>яровая мягкая пшеница</kwd><kwd>популяционная генетика</kwd><kwd>запасные белки</kwd><kwd>высокомолекулярные глютенины</kwd><kwd>электрофорез</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spring common wheat</kwd><kwd>population genetics</kwd><kwd>storage proteins</kwd><kwd>high molecular weight glutenins</kwd><kwd>electrophoresis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования проведены при поддержке Российского научного фонда в рамках гранта № 25–26–00167.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out with the support of the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 25–26–00167.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shewry P. R., Lafiandra D. 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