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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvestiiatimacad</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-342X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/0021-342X-2025-6-68-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvestiiatimacad-1114</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА, БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ, СЕЛЕКЦИЯ И СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS, BIOTECHNOLOGY, BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Технология протопластов и соматическая гибридизация в семействе Apiaceae</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Protoplast technology and somatic hybridization in the Apiaceae family</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0407-3459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алжарамани</surname><given-names>Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aljaramany</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Насим Алжарамани, аспирант</p><p>кафедра молекулярной селекции, клеточных технологий и семеноводства</p><p>127434; ул. Тимирязевская, 49; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Naseem Aljaramany, post-graduate student</p><p>Department of Molecular Breeding, Cell Technologies and Seed Production</p><p>127434; 49 Timiryazevskaya St.; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">naseemjihadja@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9404-8862</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Монахос</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Monakhos</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сократ Григорьевич Монахос, д-р с.-х. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой</p><p>кафедра молекулярной селекции, клеточных технологий и семеноводства</p><p>127434; ул. Тимирязевская, 49; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sokrat G. Monakhos, DSc (Ag), Professor, Head of the Department</p><p>Department of Molecular Breeding, Cell Technologies and Seed Production</p><p>127434; 49 Timiryazevskaya St.; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.monakhos@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алжарамани Н., Монахос С.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алжарамани Н., Монахос С.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aljaramany N., Monakhos S.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/1114">https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/1114</self-uri><abstract><p>   Семейство Зонтичные (Apiaceae) занимает значительную часть рынка, на котором в настоящее время преобладают перекрестноопыляемые сорта. Это приводит к отсутствию выровненности и неоптимальному качеству, что побуждает к созданию F1-гибридов. Проблемы селекции, связанные с ручной кастрацией цветков, заставили селекционеров использовать биотехнологические подходы, включая соматическую гибридизацию, которые используют признаки самонесовместимости и мужской стерильности. Технология протопластов и соматическая гибридизация стали ключевыми инструментами в генетическом улучшении и селекции культур семейства Apiaceae – таких, как морковь и сельдерей, которые имеют большое экономическое значение, но традиционно зависят от сортов открытого опыления. В статье рассматривается применение технологии слияния протопластов для получения соматических гибридов и цибридов, а также отбора in vitro по таким коммерчески ценным признакам, как ЦМС (цитоплазматическая мужская стерильность) и ГМС (генетическая мужская стерильность), которые имеют решающее значение для производства гибридных семян и интрогрессии признаков. Приводятся сведения о растительных материалах и тканях для выделения протопластов. Обычно в качестве источников используются молодые листья, гипокотиль или суспензионные культуры клеток, благодаря их высокой жизнеспособности и регенеративному потенциалу, а также различные ферментные смеси, используемые для переваривания клеточных стенок и выделения жизнеспособных протопластов. Этот всеобъемлющий обзор служит ценным источником информации для исследователей и селекционеров, стремящихся использовать технологию слияния протопластов для генетического улучшения культур семейства Apiaceae, что в конечном итоге будет способствовать повышению продуктивности сельского хозяйства и качества урожая.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The Apiaceae family holds a significant market share, currently dominated by open-pollinated varieties. This results in a lack of uniformity and suboptimal quality, necessitating the development of F1 hybrids. Breeding challenges associated with manual flower emasculation have compelled breeders to employ biotechnological approaches, including somatic hybridization, which leverage traits of self-incompatibility and male sterility. Protoplast technology and somatic hybridization have emerged as crucial instruments in the genetic improvement and breeding of Apiaceae crops, such as carrot and celery, which are of significant economic importance but traditionally rely on open-pollinated varieties. This article discusses the application of protoplast fusion technology for generating somatic hybrids and cybrids, as well as in vitro selection targeting commercially important traits such as cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and genetic male sterility (GMS), which are critical for hybrid seed production and trait introgression. Information is provided on plant materials and tissues suitable for protoplast isolation. Typically, young leaves, hypocotyls, or cell suspension cultures are utilized as sources owing to their high viability and regenerative potential, alongside various enzyme mixtures employed for cell wall digestion and the release of viable protoplasts. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and breeders aiming to utilize protoplast fusion technology for the genetic improvement of Apiaceae crops, thereby ultimately contributing to enhanced agricultural productivity and crop quality.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биотехнология</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>морковь</kwd><kwd>сельдерей</kwd><kwd>цибриды</kwd><kwd>мужская стерильность</kwd><kwd>выделение&#13;
и слияние протопластов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biotechnology</kwd><kwd>breeding</kwd><kwd>carrot</kwd><kwd>celery</kwd><kwd>cybrids</kwd><kwd>male sterility</kwd><kwd>protoplast isolation and fusion</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств Программы развития университета в рамках Программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет-2030»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was funded by the University Development Program within the framework of the Strategic Academic Leadership Program “Priority 2030”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao C. The future of CRISPR technologies in agriculture. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2018;19:275-276. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2018.2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao C. 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