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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvestiiatimacad</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-342X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/0021-342X-2025-6-192-208</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvestiiatimacad-1108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗООТЕХНИЯ, БИОЛОГИЯ И ВЕТЕРИНАРНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LIVESTOCK BREEDING, BIOLOGY AND VETERINARY MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние гравитации, гормонов, функциональных нагрузок на дифференцированный рост мускулов телок</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of gravity, hormones, and functional loads on the differentiated muscle growth of heifers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эртуев</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ertuev</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Махар Магомедович Эртуев, д-р с.-х. наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>Центр разведения и реабилитации переднеазиатского леопарда</p><p>354000; ул. Московская, 21; Краснодарский край; Сочи</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Makhar M. Ertuev, DSc (Ag), Research Associate</p><p>Center for Breeding and Rehabilitation of the Persian Leopard</p><p>354000; 21 Moskovskaya St.; Krasnodar Krai; Sochi</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mr.ertuev38@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3947-468X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохоров</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorov</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Петрович Прохоров, д-р с.-х. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры</p><p>кафедра частной зоотехнии</p><p>127434; ул. Тимирязевская, 49; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan P. Prokhorov, DSc (Ag), Professor, Professor</p><p>Department of Specialized Animal Science</p><p>127434; 49 Timiryazevskaya St.; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iprohorov@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6281-9968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеховцев</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shekhovtsev</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорий Сергеевич Шеховцев, ассистент</p><p>кафедра частной зоотехнии</p><p>127434; ул. Тимирязевская, 49; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grigoriy S. Shekhovtsev, Assistant</p><p>Department of Specialized Animal Science</p><p>127434; 49 Timiryazevskaya St.; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shekhovtsev@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьева</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovyova</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Игнатьевна Соловьева, д-р с.-х. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры</p><p>кафедра частной зоотехнии</p><p>127434; ул. Тимирязевская, 49; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga I. Solovyova, DSc (Ag), Professor, Professor at the Department</p><p>Department of Specialized Animal Science</p><p>127434; 49 Timiryazevskaya St.; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">milk-center@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калмыкова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalmykova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Алексеевна Калмыкова, канд. с.-х. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры</p><p>кафедра частной зоотехнии</p><p>127434; ул. Тимирязевская, 49; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Kalmykova, СSc (Ag), Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department</p><p>Department of Specialized Animal Science</p><p>127434; 49 Timiryazevskaya St.; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">okalmykova@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сочинский национальный парк</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sochi National Park</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>192</fpage><lpage>208</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Эртуев М.М., Прохоров И.П., Шеховцев Г.С., Соловьева О.И., Калмыкова О.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эртуев М.М., Прохоров И.П., Шеховцев Г.С., Соловьева О.И., Калмыкова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ertuev M.M., Prokhorov I.P., Shekhovtsev G.S., Solovyova O.I., Kalmykova O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/1108">https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/1108</self-uri><abstract><p>   Исследования посвящены изучению интенсивности роста мускулатуры в различных анатомических отделах туш у телок черно-пестрой породы и их помесей с герефордской и шаролезской породами. Установлено, что рост мускулов отличается значительной вариабельностью, обусловленной функциональной нагрузкой, генетическими факторами и этапом онтогенеза. Наиболее интенсивный рост наблюдался в мускулатуре брюшной стенки, где масса мышечного комплекса к 18 месяцам увеличилась в 25,97 раза, что значительно превышает общие показатели роста мышечной массы туш (16,08). Это связано с повышенной функциональной нагрузкой, вызванной возрастным увеличением массы внутренних органов и развитием рубцового пищеварения. Мускулы, связывающие туловище с грудными конечностями, также демонстрировали высокие темпы роста, выполняя функции поддержания туловища, участия в локомоции и противодействия гравитационному притяжению. Крупные мускулы тазового пояса и области бедра – такие, как средний ягодичный и двуглавый бедра, отличались высокой мощностью и значительной абсолютной массой, обеспечивая распрямление тазовых конечностей и создание пропульсивного толчка. Сравнительный анализ показал, что мускулатура осевого отдела скелета (брюшная стенка, грудная клетка, позвоночный столб) росла с положительной аллометрией, в то время как периферическая мускулатура характеризовалась отрицательной аллометрией. К 18 месяцам относительная масса осевой мускулатуры достигла 51,87 %, превысив показатель периферической (48,13 %). Результаты работы подчеркивают важность учета функциональных и генетических особенностей роста мускулов для объективной оценки мясных качеств различных анатомических частей туш.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The present study investigates the intensity of muscle growth in various anatomical parts of carcasses in Black-and-White heifers and their crosses with Hereford and Charolais breeds. It was established that muscle growth exhibits significant variability, influenced by functional load, genetic factors, and the ontogenetic stage. The most intensive growth was observed in the abdominal musculature, where muscle mass increased by 25.97 times by 18 months of age, significantly exceeding the overall growth rate of carcass muscle mass (16.08). This is attributed to increased functional load, caused by the age-related increase in visceral organ mass and the development of ruminal digestion. Muscles connecting the trunk to the thoracic limbs also exhibited high growth rates, performing functions of trunk support, involvement in locomotion, and counteracting gravitational pull. Large muscles of the pelvic girdle and thigh area, such as the middle gluteus and biceps femoris, were characterized by high power and significant absolute mass, ensuring the extension of the pelvic limbs and generating propulsive thrust. Comparative analysis revealed that the musculature of the axial skeleton (abdominal wall, thoracic cage, vertebral column) grew with positive allometry, while peripheral musculature exhibited negative allometry. By 18 months of age, the relative mass of axial musculature reached 51.87 %, exceeding that of peripheral musculature (48.13 %). The findings highlight the importance of considering functional and genetic characteristics of muscle growth for an objective assessment of the meat quality of various anatomical parts of carcasses.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мясная продуктивность</kwd><kwd>аллометрия роста</kwd><kwd>мышечные комплексы</kwd><kwd>онтогенез мускулатуры</kwd><kwd>телки</kwd><kwd>помеси</kwd><kwd>коэффициент роста</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>meat productivity</kwd><kwd>allometric growth</kwd><kwd>muscle complexes</kwd><kwd>musculature ontogenesis</kwd><kwd>heifers</kwd><kwd>cross-breeds</kwd><kwd>growth coefficient</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лукьянов В.Н., Прохоров И.П., Пикуль А.Н. Рост мускулатуры помесных бычков и факторы, его определяющие // Известия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академии. 2015. № 1. С. 56-58. 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