izvestiiatimacadИзвестия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академииIZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY0021-342XФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева10.26897/0021-342X-2025-6-174-191izvestiiatimacad-1096Research ArticleЗООТЕХНИЯ, БИОЛОГИЯ И ВЕТЕРИНАРНАЯ МЕДИЦИНАLIVESTOCK BREEDING, BIOLOGY AND VETERINARY MEDICINEВлияние штаммов Enterococcus faecium и Bacillus subtilis на микробиоту и питательность силоса из злаково-бобовой травосмесиEffect of Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis strains on the microbiota and nutritional value of grass-legume silagehttps://orcid.org/0001-0012-3588-4877ИльинаЛ. А.IlinaL. A.

Лариса Александровна Ильина, д-р биол. наук, профессор, начальник лаборатории

кафедра крупного животноводства; молекулярно-генетическая лаборатория

196601; Петербургское шоссе, 2, лит. А; 196602; ул. Малиновская, 8, лит. А; Санкт-Петербург; Пушкин

Larisa A. Ilina, DSc (Bio), Professor

Department of Large Livestock Breeding

196601; 2A Peterburgskoe Highway; 196602; 8A Malinovskaya St.; Saint Petersburg; Pushkin

ilina@biotrof.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-2357-5483МалаховИ. Г.MalakhovI. G.

Иван Григорьевич Малахов, аспирант

196601; Петербургское шоссе, 2, лит. А; Санкт-Петербург; Пушкин

Ivan G. Malakhov, postgraduate student

196601; 2A Peterburgskoe Highway; Saint Petersburg; Pushkin

yo.vanya@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-8029-9955ЗаикинВ. А.ZaikinV. A.

Василий Александрович Заикин, биотехнолог

молекулярно-генетическая лаборатория

196602; ул. Малиновская, 8, лит. А; Санкт-Петербург; Пушкин

Vasily A. Zaikin, Biotechnologist

Molecular Genetics Laboratory

196602; 8A Malinovskaya St.; Saint Petersburg; Pushkin

dfcx@biotrof.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-6659ЛаптевГ. Ю.LaptevG. Yu.

Георгий Юрьевич Лаптев, д-р биол. наук, доцент, профессор, директор ООО

кафедра крупного животноводства

196601;  Петербургское шоссе, 2, лит. А; 196602; ул. Малиновская, 8, лит. А; Санкт-Петербург; Пушкин

Georgy Yu. Laptev, DSc (Bio), Associate Professor, Professor at the Department, Director at the OOO

Department of Large Livestock Breeding

196601; 2A Peterburgskoe Highway; 196602; 8A Malinovskaya St.; Saint Petersburg; Pushkin

georg-laptev@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3688-1546МорозовВ. Ю.MorozovV. Yu.

Виталий Юрьевич Морозов, д-р ветеринар. наук, профессор, ректор

196601; Петербургское шоссе, 2, лит. А; Санкт-Петербург; Пушкин

Vitaly Yu. Morozov, DSc (Vet), Professor, Rector

196601; 2A Peterburgskoe Highway; Saint Petersburg; Pushkin

supermoroz@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-4184-7206СкляровС. П.SklyarovS. P.

Сергей Павлович Скляров, канд. ветеринар. наук, доцент, директор Института

Институт животноводства и аквакультуры имени В.И. Наумова

196601; Петербургское шоссе, 2, лит. А; Санкт-Петербург; Пушкин

Sergey P. Sklyarov, CSc (Vet), Associate Professor, Director of the Institute

Institute of Animal Husbandry and Aquaculture named after V.I. Naumov

196601; 2A Peterburgskoe Highway; Saint Petersburg; Pushkin

ssklyar@mail.ruСанкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет; ООО «БИОТРОФ»РоссияSaint-Petersburg State Agrarian University; BIOTROF, OOORussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университетРоссияSaint-Petersburg State Agrarian UniversityRussian FederationООО «БИОТРОФ»РоссияBIOTROF, OOORussian Federation20252501202606174191Copyright © Ильина Л.А., Малахов И.Г., Заикин В.А., Лаптев Г.Ю., Морозов В.Ю., Скляров С.П., 20252025Ильина Л.А., Малахов И.Г., Заикин В.А., Лаптев Г.Ю., Морозов В.Ю., Скляров С.П.Ilina L.A., Malakhov I.G., Zaikin V.A., Laptev G.Y., Morozov V.Y., Sklyarov S.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/1096

   Силосование является процессом консервирования кормов, качество которых во многом определяется микробиологическими процессами. При неблагоприятных условиях заготовки, высокой исходной влажности растительного сырья, несоблюдении технологии вместо молочнокислых бактерий могут развиваться энтеробактерии, клостридии и другие виды, которые снижают питательную ценность и качество готового корма.

   Цель исследований заключалась в изучении влияния новых штаммов Enterococcus faecium и Bacillus subtilis в качестве биоконсервантов на микробиоту и питательность силоса из злаково-бобовой растительной массы.

   В эксперименте оценивали внесение в силосуемую массу штамма Enterococcus faecium 46 и комбинации штаммов Enterococcus faecium 46 и Bacillus subtilis 18 в сравнении с контрольным вариантом без консерванта. Показатели питательности силоса и состав микробиоты определяли на 30-е сутки ферментации растительной массы. Наилучшие результаты по количеству сухого вещества, нейтрально-детергентной клетчатке и доле молочной кислоты в сумме кислот были продемонстрированы при совместном использовании штаммов Enterococcus faecium и Bacillus subtilis. По результатам оценки микробиоты методом количественной ПЦР в данном опытном варианте детектировано наиболее высокое количество бактерий рода Lactobacillus и меньшее количество представителей семейства Enterobacteriaceae, в том числе Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter sp. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что синергетическое воздействие штаммов при консервировании корма позволило затормозить развитие гнилостных и патогенных токсинообразующих бактерий благодаря усиленному синтезу молочной кислоты. На основании полученных результатов можно сделать заключение о высокой перспективе комплекса бактерий для улучшения ферментации, сохранности питательных веществ в консервированных кормах.

   Ensiling is a feed preservation process the quality of which is largely determined by microbiological processes. Under unfavorable harvesting conditions, high initial moisture content of the plant material, or non-compliance with technology, undesirable microorganisms such as enterobacteria, clostridia, and other species may proliferate instead of lactic acid bacteria. This proliferation degrades the nutritional value and quality of the finished feed.

   The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of new strains of Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis, employed as biopreservatives, on the microbiota and nutritional value of grass-legume silage.

   The experiment evaluated the inoculation of ensiled biomass with Enterococcus faecium 46 and a combination of Enterococcus faecium 46 and Bacillus subtilis 18, in comparison to a control treatment without a preservative. Silage nutritional parameters and microbiota composition were determined on the 30th day of plant mass fermentation. The most favorable results regarding dry matter content, neutral detergent fiber, and the proportion of lactic acid in total organic acids were observed with the combined application of Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis strains. Microbiota assessment via quantitative PCR in this experimental variant revealed the highest abundance of Lactobacillus species and a reduced count of Enterobacteriaceae family representatives, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., and Citrobacter sp. These findings suggest that the synergistic action of these strains during feed preservation effectively inhibited the development of putrefactive and pathogenic toxin-forming bacteria due to enhanced lactic acid synthesis. Based on these results, we conclude that this bacterial complex holds significant promise for improving fermentation and nutrient preservation in ensiled forages.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.