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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">izvestiiatimacad</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IZVESTIYA OF TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-342X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/0021-342X-2026-1-24-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">izvestiiatimacad-1006</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АГРОХИМИЯ, ПОЧВОВЕДЕНИЕ, ЭКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGROCHEMISTRY, SOIL SCIENCE AND ECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Защитное действие солей ультрамикроэлементов в условиях дефицита воды (на примере растений гречихи, выращенной в условиях разного содержания подвижного фосфора в почве)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Protective effects of ultramicroelement salts under water deficit: a case study of buckwheat grown at varying soil available phosphorus levels</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3541-7300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапушкина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapushkina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лапушкина Анастасия Андреевна - канд. биол. наук, доцент кафедры агрономической, биологической химии и радиологии.</p><p>127434, Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya A. Lapushkina - CSc (Bio), Associate Professor at the Department of Agronomic, Biological Chemistry and Radiology, Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy.</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alapushkina@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9773-2077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапушкин</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapushkin</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лапушкин Всеволод Михайлович - канд. биол. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры агрономической, биологической химии и радиологии.</p><p>127434, Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vsevolod M. Lapushkin - CSc (Bio), Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of Agronomic, Biological Chemistry and Radiology, Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy.</p><p>49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lapushkin@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение высшего образования «Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лапушкина А.А., Лапушкин В.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лапушкина А.А., Лапушкин В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lapushkina A.A., Lapushkin V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/1006">https://izvestiia.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/1006</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье изложены результаты трехлетнего вегетационного опыта, направленного на исследование протекторного действия предпосевного смачивания семян растворами солей селена, ванадия, вольфрама и йода на биометрические характеристики гречихи и ее урожайность, а также на показатели качества зерна опытной культуры. Часть растений в начале бутонизации подвергалась искусственно созданному дефициту воды. Исследования проводились на двух почвах одного подтипа, но отличающихся содержанием подвижного фосфора. Для обеспечения бездефицитного уровня минерального питания в каждый сосуд вносились N150 мг/кг и К2О 100 мг/кг почвы. Согласно результатам, полученным по структуре урожая опытных растений, установлено отсутствие достоверного влияния используемых солей на количество соцветий и массу 1000 зерен. Наиболее отчетливо протекторные свойства ультрамикроэлементов проявлялись в условиях засухи при слабом уровне фосфорного питания растений: применение селенита натрия снизило потери зерна на 32%, ванадата аммония – на 20%, вольфрамата аммония – на 14%, йодида аммония – на 25%. В отсутствие обработки семян солями ультрамикроэлементов на урожайность сильно повлияло наличие повышенного содержания подвижного фосфора в почве: в условиях оптимального влагообеспечения гречиха сформировала на 40% больше зерна, а после перенесенной засухи – на 70% в сравнении с группой опытных растений, вегетировавших в тех же условиях, но на почве с низким содержанием фосфора. Значимых изменений в химическом составе полученного зерна в зависимости от условий выращивания (применения солей ультрамикроэлементов, разной обеспеченности почвы подвижным фосфором и растений водой) выявлено не было.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper presents the findings of a three-year pot experiment investigating the protective effects of pre-sowing seed treatment with solutions of selenium, vanadium, tungsten, and iodine salts on the biometric characteristics, yield, and grain quality of buckwheat. During the early budding stage, a subset of plants was subjected to an artificially induced water deficit. The study was conducted on two soils of the same subtype but with differing levels of available phosphorus. To ensure adequate mineral nutrition, all pots were amended with N (150 mg/kg) and K2O (100 mg/kg of soil). Analysis of the yield components revealed that the salts used had no significant effect on the number of inflorescences or the thousand-kernel weight. The protective properties of these ultramicroelements were most pronounced under drought conditions combined with low phosphorus availability: the application of sodium selenite reduced grain yield losses by 32%, ammonium vanadate by 20%, ammonium tungstate by 14%, and ammonium iodide by 25%. In the absence of seed treatment, yield was strongly influenced by an increased content of soil available phosphorus; under optimal moisture, buckwheat produced 40% more grain, and after drought, 70% more compared to plants grown on low-phosphorus soil. No significant changes in the chemical composition of the grain were identified across the various growing conditions (application of ultramicroelement salts, varying soil available phosphorus levels, or water availability).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гречиха</kwd><kwd>дефицит воды</kwd><kwd>предпосевная обработка семян</kwd><kwd>селенит натрия</kwd><kwd>ванадат аммония</kwd><kwd>вольфрамат аммония</kwd><kwd>йодид аммония</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>buckwheat</kwd><kwd>water deficit</kwd><kwd>pre-sowing seed treatment</kwd><kwd>sodium selenite</kwd><kwd>ammonium vanadate</kwd><kwd>ammonium tungstate</kwd><kwd>ammonium iodide</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств Программы развития университета в рамках Программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет-2030».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by the University Development Program as part of the “Priority 2030” Strategic Academic Leadership Program.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Головацкая И.Ф., Кулагина Ю.М., Крахалева А.В. 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